Ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-titanium alloy emzimbeni womuntu kanye nezinhlobo zezinto ze-titanium zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha

Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zensimbi kumele kungabi yingozi emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho insimbi igqwala, ingancibilikisa i-ion yensimbi, ethinta izicubu zamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo (umzimba womuntu), ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinto zensimbi ezingelula ukugqwala futhi zimelana kakhulu nokugqwala, i-titanium iwuhlobo oluthile lokugqwala. izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala. Okokusebenza kwensimbi yezokwelapha kusuka ochungechungeni lwensimbi engagqwali kuya ku-cobalt-based and i-titanium-based alloy series, isilinganiso se-titanium ne-titanium alloy siyanda. Inani le-titanium elisetshenziswa embonini yezokwelapha emhlabeni wonke cishe ngonyaka we-1,000ta.

1. Ukuguquguquka kwe-titanium emzimbeni womuntu (ukuhambisana kwe-titanium nezinto eziphilayo)
Ukubona ukusabela kwama-ion ensimbi ekuguquguqukeni komuntu, senze indlela yokuhlola ukuguquguquka kweseli elabhorethri sisebenzisa amaseli azwelayo kuma-ion ensimbi, afana nama-mouse lung fibroblasts (V79 cell) kanye nezicubu zegundane fibroblast (amaseli e-I929), asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha e-China, kanye nendikimba yokuphatha ezimele (Ikomidi Lobuchwepheshe Lokulinganiswa Kwezinto Eziphilayo Zokuhlola Amadivayisi Ezokwelapha). Sihlukanisa phakathi kokusabela kwama-ion ayisisekelo e-monomer emzimbeni womuntu (izinto eziphilayo) okunikezwa Isisekelo Sobuchwepheshe Sokuhlola Ibhayoloji Yedivayisi Yezokwelapha (IKomidi Lezobuchwepheshe Elijwayelekile Lokuhlola Ibhayoloji Yamadivayisi Ezokwelapha).
I-Vanadium (V), i-nickel (Ni), ithusi (Cu), njll., enobuthi obukhulu, ibangela ukufa kwamaseli ngesikhathi esifushane ezingeni elilinganiselwe lezingxenye esigidini ngasinye (× 10-6). Endabeni ye-vanadium (V) ne-nickel (N), isibonelo, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwamaseli e-V79 iboniswa emfanekisweni. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokucwiliswa kwesonto elilodwa ibonise ukuthi wonke amangqamuzana afa lapho i-nickel icishe ibe ngu-10 × 10-6 (pm = izingxenye ngesigidi), kuyilapho i-vanadium (V) yayinezinombolo ezimbili ngaphansi futhi wonke amaseli afa lapho ecishe abe ngu-0.6× 10-6. Okwesibili, lapho izicubu eziqinile (amathambo) kanye nezicubu ezithambile (imisipha) yezilwane ezincane njengamagundane nonogwaja zishunyekwa emashidini ensimbi ukuze zihlolwe, lezi zinsimbi ezinobuthi kakhulu zabangela i-necrosis ezicutshini eziqinile (amathambo) kanye nezicubu ezithambile (imisipha). ) engxenyeni yokuxhumana.

Elinye iqembu elibonisa ukulimala, ekufakweni kwesimo esinamathiselwe, kuzicubu ezine-fibrous endaweni yokuxhumana, ukwakheka kohlobo lomzimba webhayoloji emzimbeni ukuze kukhishwe ukusabela, insimbi, i-aluminium, igolide, isiliva, nokunye kubonakaliswa kanjalo. Izinto ezijwayelekile zensimbi ezifana ne-SUS 304L yensimbi engagqwali ne-SUS 36L yensimbi engagqwali, kanye nama-cobalt-chromium alloys, ayingxenye yalesi sigaba. Ucezu lwensimbi olufakwe esicutshini esiqinile aluhlanganisi namangqamuzana amathambo, futhi lapho ukuhlolwa kokususa kwenziwa emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, kukhishwa ngaphandle kokumelana.
Iqembu lesithathu yilona elisebenza kancane ngezinto eziphilayo futhi lifanele ukufakwa nokunamathiselwa kwe-titanium, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, platinum, njalonjalo. Uma lezi zinsimbi zifakwe noma zixhunywe ezintweni eziphilayo, ziboshwe eduze nezicubu eziqinile nezithambile, okubonisa into efana nomzimba.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-titanium iyinsimbi ephephile ngoba mancane amathuba okuba ibangele ukulimala kwezinto eziphilayo. Lapho kusetshenziswa ama-alloys e-titanium, kuye ngezakhi ze-alloying ezisetshenzisiwe, ukumelana nokugqwala kwama-alloys e-titanium kuphansi kune-titanium emsulwa, futhi lapho ukugqwala kwenzeka, izakhi ze-alloying zingakhishwa. Kuyadingeka ukukhetha izakhi ze-alloying ezimelana nokugqwala futhi ezingahlaseli. Kuma-alloys e-titanium, i-Ti-6AI-4V ingxubevange isetshenziswe isikhathi eside ekwenziweni kwezindiza kanye nemishini yobunjiniyela ekwazi ukumelana namanzi olwandle futhi inenani elikhulu lezibonelo zokusetshenziswa. Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ama-alloys e-ELI, anokumelana okuhle nokugqwala (okuqukethwe okuphansi kwensimbi, umoya-mpilo, ne-hydrogen), sekunesikhathi eside esetshenziswa. Kodwa-ke, muva nje, njengengxenye yocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwama-alloys e-titanium ukuze kufakwe futhi kubekwe, ingxubevange ye-Ti-13Nb-13Zr iye yalinganiswa ngokufaka i-vanadium (V) esikhundleni se-niobium (Nb), okuyi-alloy engalimazi. embikweni we-mutagenicity ye-monomer (ASTM, ISO). Kukhona futhi i-alloy ekhipha i-aluminium ngenkuthalo, ezokhishwa maduze.

2、 Titanium impahla ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
Izinga le-ASTM laseMelika (ikhodi ye-F) yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha lilingana nendinganiso yomhlaba, futhi eYurophu, izinga le-ISO nezinga le-ASTM kuyahlungwa futhi kuhlanganiswe nendinganiso yaseYurophu. E-Japan, siphezu kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa izindinganiso zasekhaya futhi sesiqalile ukwenza amazinga asekelwe kumazinga e-ISO ngokuhlanganisa amazinga ahambisana namazinga e-ASTM kanye ne-ISO.
Izinto ze-titanium ezicaciswe kuzinga le-ASTM lezimila nezinamathiselo ezinjengamajoyinti okwenziwa amadolo namajoyinti enyonga (okuhlanganisa namakhanda wesifazane) afakwe ohlwini ngokuvumelana nokuma kwawo. Sekuyisikhathi eside, i-titanium ehlanzekile kanye ne-Ti-6AI-4V alloys, kuhlanganise nezinto eziyimpushana, zisetshenziswe ukwenza izimo ezihlukahlukene zezingxenye nezingxenye.

3. Izicelo ze-titanium yezokwelapha
I-Titanium isetshenziswa enanini elikhulu lezingxenye ezinjengamajoyinti e-femoral okwenziwa, amalunga okwenziwa amadolo, nama-splints amathambo, futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzwa kwamathambo. Ngokukhubaza ukuvuvukala kwamalunga I-Rheumatism [ebizwa ngokuthi “Rumatism”, okusho ubuhlungu obukhulu bamalunga, kanye nemisipha, kodwa futhi nesifo sokungezwani komzimba - inothi Lomhumushi] nezinye izimbangela zobuhlungu obukhulu, okuholela ebunzimeni bokuhamba, zizophathwa yilesi sifo Iziguli. abaphethwe yilesi simo banikezwa amalunga e-femoral yokwenziwa kanye nokushintshwa kwamadolo okwenziwa, okungaqeda ubuhlungu futhi kubavumele ukuba bahambe. E-Japan, ukushintshwa kwamalunga e-femoral angu-80,000 kanye nokushintshwa kwamadolo angu-40,000 kwenziwa ngonyaka owodwa (izibalo zika-2005). Esikhathini esizayo, njengoba umphakathi ukhula, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo samalungu okwenziwa sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti amakhulu.
I-Titanium ayizifanele zonke izingxenye zamalunga okwenziwa. Engxenyeni ehlangene, lapho kukhona ukunyakaza okuningi, i-titanium ayifanele ngoba iguga kalula (i-ceramics ne-cobalt alloys ikhethwa), futhi i-titanium alloys isetshenziselwa izingxenye ezifakiwe. Ingaphezulu lengxubevange ye-titanium alilingani futhi limbozwe ngezinto ezizwelayo ze-apatite kanye nethambo njenge-bioglass ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nethambo lebhayoloji. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulungiswa kwe-fracture, i-titanium alloy intramedullary izipikili namapuleti e-titanium alloy asetshenziswa.

Kukhona futhi ukuthambekela okwandayo emkhakheni wokunakekelwa kwamazinyo, lapho kusetshenziswa khona izimila nezinamathiselo. I-Titanium isetshenziswa ngamanani amancane, kodwa kukhona ama-alloys e-titanium nama-alloys ahlanzekile e-titanium ngendlela yamapuleti, izintambo, amasokhethi, nobhasikidi njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni. Lezi zingxenye ziqhutshwa ngokuqondile emhlathini futhi zimbozwe nge-apatite, emele ukwakheka kwethambo, ukuze ilungiswe engxenyeni ye-gingival yezinyo. I-Titanium ifanele izimila zensimbi kudokotela wamazinyo jikelele. Kunezindlela ezimbili, indlela yokuphonsa enembile, kanye nendlela yokwenza i-superplastic, futhi ilula ngesisindo futhi ayinambitheki kabi ekudleni okune-asidi uma iqhathaniswa nengxubevange ye-cobalt ne-chromium yangaphambili, kodwa njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwe-titanium akumbozwa ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa komshwalense wezempilo, intengo ibiza kakhulu.

Njengesesekeli esifakelwayo semithi yangaphakathi, i-pacemaker ingafakwa lapho isiguli sihlushwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuphansi. Intambo ye-electrode ifakwa isuka emthanjeni we-subclavia iye enhliziyweni, futhi le electrode ifaka isignali ye-elekthronikhi kumshini wokuhambisa inhliziyo, okuwenza umshini wokushaya inhliziyo. Muva nje, ama-pacemakers athuthukisiwe anesisindo esingama-20g nobukhulu obungu-6mm, obuncane ngokwanele ukuthi buxhunywe ngocingo lwe-electrode futhi lungcwatshwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ibhethri kanye nesekhethi yokulawula kuqukethwe esitsheni esincane (ilokhethi) eyenziwe nge-titanium emsulwa, engahlaseli izinto eziphilayo. Ibhethri kufanele lihlale okungenani iminyaka engu-6, ngakho-ke isiqukathi (ilokhi) sidingeka ukuthi sizinze futhi siphephe isikhathi eside. Njengamanje, cishe abantu abangu-5,000 eJapane bahlomulile.

I-Titanium isetshenziswa nasezintweni zokuhlinza. Ikakhulukazi esimweni sokusebenza isikhathi eside kobuchopho kanye ne-neurosurgery ethatha amahora angaphezu kwe-10, ama-forceps adingeka ukuthi abe lula, futhi imikhiqizo ye-titanium isetshenziselwa i-hemostatic forceps nokunye okunjalo. I-Titanium iphinda isetshenziswe kumathuluzi amaningi okwelapha amazinyo afana nezimila, amathuluzi okuhlinza okunamathiselwe, nezidlidlizi ukuze kukhishwe i-tartar yamazinyo. Ngaphezu kokufakwa kanye nokunamathiselwe, okufana nemishini eyisiza nezihlalo zabakhubazekile, i-titanium nayo iyasetshenziswa. Uma ingxenye yesitho ilahlekile ngenxa yokugula noma ingozi, i-prosthesis yenziwa ukubuyisela ukusebenza, futhi njengoba ingxenye eyinhloko ye-prosthesis yenziwe ngensimbi, isetshenziswa ngokuya ngokukhanya, ukuqina (ikakhulukazi ukugqwala kanye ukumelana nokukhathala), nokuhambisana nezinto eziphilayo (Ni, Cr, njll.). Endabeni yezihlalo zabakhubazekile, umgomo oyinhloko uwukwenza sonke isihlalo sabakhubazekile sibe lula, ngakho kwezinye izimo, i-titanium isetshenziselwa cishe zonke izingxenye zensimbi esakhiweni, njengefreyimu namasondo.