Zingaki izinhlobo zokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-anneal ozaziyo?

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I-Annealing iyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa lapho insimbi nama-alloys kushiselwa khona ezingeni lokushisa elifanele isikhathi esithile bese likuvumela ukuthi liphole kancane (ukupholisa kwesithando somlilo). Inhloso ye-annealing ukuguqula insimbi isuka ku-Austenite iye ku-Pearlite, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni nokwandisa i-ductility, ukwenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwemishini nokubandayo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iyunifomu yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo sensimbi ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokusebenza ukuqina, ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka nokuqhekeka. . Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Aluminium, Ithusi, titanium nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingase futhi ziphendule inqubo yokukhishwa kwesisu. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokukhipha isisu ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali enqubeni, i-annealing ingahlukaniswa ibe:

1.Ukugcwalisa Okugcwele.

Shisisa insimbi ibe ngu-20 ~ 30 ℃ futhi ugcine isikhathi ngemva kokupholisa kancane ukuze usondele ekulinganiseni inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa yenhlangano (i-austenitizing ngokuphelele). I-annealing egcwele isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi amashidi Asetshenziselwe Okushisayo, ama-forging, nama-castings okwenziwa ngezinsimbi zekhabhoni ezimaphakathi neziphezulu kanye nezingxenye zayo zokushisela. Ukuqina kwensimbi ye-carbon steel ngemuva kokudonsa akulungile ekwenzeni imishini.

I-annealing egcwele ihloselwe ukucwenga okusanhlamvu, isakhiwo se-homogeneous, ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwensimbi. Ngemva kokufakwa ngokugcwele, ukwakheka kwensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid ngu-F+P. Emkhiqizweni wangempela, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza, ukupholisa kwe-anneal kuze kufike ku-500℃ noma khipha amakhaza.

2. Ukufakwa Okuyingxenye.

Shisisa insimbi esimweni sensimbi ye-hypoeutectoid noma i-hypereutectoid bese upholisa kancane ngemva kokugcina ukushisa ukuze uthole inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa eduze nesakhiwo esinokulinganisela. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuthola isakhiwo se-pearlite esiyindilinga ukuqeda ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi, ukunciphisa ubulukhuni nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini. I-Spheroidization annealing iwuhlobo lokudonsa kancane.

3. I-Isothermal Annealing.

Le nqubo ibizwa nangokuthi i-grecrystallization annealing lapho insimbi ishiselwa ekushiseni okuphakeme kunokushisa okubucayi, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iphole ngokushesha ekushiseni kwegumbi, okwenza uguquko lusuka e-Austenite luye ePearlite. Kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuqeda ukuthungatha okugcwele, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-Austenitic ezipholile kakhulu, kuyilapho ukudonsa kwe-isothermal kungafinyeza kakhulu isikhathi sokukhipha.

Le nqubo ingeyensimbi ephezulu ye-carbon (C> 0.6%), insimbi yethuluzi, insimbi ye-alloy (inani le-alloy element> 10%). I-Isothermal annealing iyasiza futhi ukuthola izicubu ezifanayo kanye nezakhiwo kodwa azifanele izigaba ezinkulu.

4. I-Spheroidizing Annealing.

Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa ye-spheroidizing carbide ukuze kutholwe i-pearlite eyimbudumbudu. Shisisa insimbi ku-Ac1 ngaphezu kuka-20- 30 ℃ futhi ugcine izinga lokushisa elingu-2- 4h ngemva kokupholisa. I-Spheroidization annealing isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukunciphisa ubulukhuni, ukwakheka okufanayo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukukwazi ukulungiselela ukucisha. Lena inqubo ye-carbon ephezulu ne-alloy steel ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwayo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza inqubo ye-spheroidizing annealing, lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

  1. A) Uma i-spheroidizing annealing: shisisa insimbi ibe ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi ngaphezu kuka-120 ~ 30 ℃futhi uhlale isikhathi esithile, bese uyivumela ukuthi iphole kancane esithandweni sokupholisa. Ithishu yasekuqaleni ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-anneal kufanele kube i-pearlite yeshidi elihle futhi akukho mesh ye-carburized evunyelwe.
  2. B) I-Isothermal spheroidizing annealing: shisisa insimbi ngemva kokugcina ukushisa, kanye nokupholisa kwesithando somlilo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibalulekile10 ~ 30 ℃. Ngemuva kwe-isothermal kanye nesithando somlilo kupholiswe cishe ku-500 ℃ noma ukupholisa komoya okuphuma kancane. Inezinzuzo eziningana ezifana nomjikelezo omfushane, i-uniform spheroidization kanye nokulawula ikhwalithi okulula.
  3. C) ukuphindaphinda kwe-spheroidizing annealing

5. I-Diffusion Annealing(I-Homogenizing annealing).

Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa lapho ama-ingots, ama-castings, noma izikhala zishiselwa ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kancane kwezinga lokushisa elibalulekile isikhathi eside bese lipholiswa kancane ukuze kuqedwe ukungafani kwamakhemikhali. Ngakho-ke ukuqeda ukuhlukaniswa kwe-dendritic kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-ingot, kanye nokwenza i-homogenize ukubunjwa nesakhiwo. Izinga lokushisa le-diffusion annealing liphezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile lingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa elibalulekile lika-100 ~ 200 ℃ amahora angu-10 ~ 15, okuncike ekuhlukaniseni kanye nebanga lensimbi. I-Diffusion annealing yekhwalithi ethile ephezulu steel alloy kanye ne-alloy castings kanye ne-ingot ngokuhlukaniswa okukhulu.

6. I-Stress Relief Annealing.

Ukuze kuqedwe ukucindezeleka okusele, insimbi ifudumala ekushiseni okungaphansi kwezinga lokushisa elibucayi (ngokuvamile i-500 ~ 650 ℃) ngemva kokugcinwa kokushisa, bese ipholiswa esithandweni. I-De-stressed annealing ayishintshi isakhiwo sensimbi.

7. Recrystallization annealing.

I-recrystallization annealing, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-intermediate annealing, iyinqubo yokwelapha ukushisa eshisa insimbi ekhubazekile ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization isikhathi esithile, ukuze okusanhlamvu okukhubazekile kuguqulwe kube okusanhlamvu okulinganayo okulinganayo ukuze kuqedwe ukuqina kokucubungula. kanye nokucindezeleka okusalayo. I-recrystallization kufanele yenzeke ekuqaleni ngenani elithile le-deformation yepulasitiki ebandayo bese kuba lokushisa elithile. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kunawo wonke lapho ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwenzeka khona libizwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu le-recrystallization. Ukushisisa kwezinga lokushisa le-recrystallization annealing kufanele libe ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu lecrystallization engu-100 ~ 200 ℃ (izinga lokushisa elincane lokuhlanganisa kabusha insimbi elingaba ngu-450 ℃), ukupholisa kancane ngemva kokulondoloza ukushisa okufanele.

Iyini i-CP titanium?

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I-Titanium ihlukaniswe yaba izigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngokuqukethwe kwe-titanium nokunye ukwakheka kokungcola okufana ne-aluminium (Al) ne-vanadium (V): i-titanium emsulwa kwezohwebo (I-CP Titanium) futhi titanium alloys. I-CP titanium inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala, amandla kanye nezici zokukhathala eziqhathaniswa kahle nalezo ze-nickel nama-alloys ensimbi.

I-CP titanium isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini zobunjiniyela bezokwelapha nezinqubo zamakhemikhali kanye nokwakhiwa kwepuleti leshidi, ukubumba namapayipi asebenza ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-253 no-350 ℃ noma adinga isilinganiso samandla nesisindo. Singasho ukuthi i-CP titanium iyinsimbi ehlangene enokuqukethwe okungaphezu kuka-98% we-titanium kanye nenani elincane lezinto ezingcolile ezifana ne-Oxygen, i-Nitrogen, i-Hydrogen, i-Carbon, i-Silicon nensimbi. I-oksijeni, i-Nitrogen ne-Carbon konke kukhulisa amandla okuqina kwe-titanium ekamelweni lokushisa kodwa futhi kunciphisa i-plasticity yayo, ngakho-ke kunemingcele eqinile kokuqukethwe kwakho kwe-titanium ehlanzekile, ikakhulukazi ukuba khona komoya-mpilo. Ukuncibilika kwe-hydrogen ku-titanium kuncane kakhulu futhi ukusabela kwayo ku-titanium kuyabuyiseleka emuva. Umphumela oyinhloko we-hydrogen ezakhiweni ze-titanium “i-hydrogen embrittlement”. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen kufinyelela inani elithile, kuzokwandisa kakhulu ukuzwela kwe-titanium ku-notch, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise kakhulu ukuqina komthelela. Ngokuvamile kushiwo ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ku-titanium akufanele kudlule u-0.015%.

Ibanga eliqine kunawo wonke lamabanga angahlanganisiwe 1, 2, 3 kanye no-4, lena ingxubevange yezohwebo, eyakheka ngokumaphakathi ene-ductility enhle. Amanye amazwe anezincazelo ezihlukile ze-titanium emsulwa, njengeJapan JIS Class l, 2, 3; UK IMI 115, 125, 130, 155, 160; I-Germany i-DIN 3.7025, 3.7035, 3.7055, 3.7065 kanye ne-China TA1, TA2, TA3, njll. Amabanga 1, 2, 3 kanye ne-4 yifomu lokucaciswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-American Society for Testing Material.

ASTM CP Ti Ti Fe C O H N
Ibanga 1 Balance 0.20 0.08 0.18 0.015 0.03
Ibanga 2 Balance 0.30 0.08 0.25 0.015 0.03
Ibanga 3 Balance 0.30 0.08 0.35 0.015 0.05
Ibanga 4 Balance 0.50 0.08 0.40 0.015 0.05

Ibanga 1 I-titanium ithambile futhi idonsa kakhulu kulawa mabanga emndenini omsulwa ngokwezentengiso. Inokwakheka okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokuqina komthelela omkhulu. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zimfanelo, iBanga loku-1 liyisisetshenziswa esikhethwayo sanoma yisiphi isicelo lapho ukwakheka kalula kuyadingeka futhi kuvame ukutholakala njengepuleti le-titanium kanye neshubhu.
Ibanga 2 iyingxubevange ye-titanium esetshenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomkhiqizo wesevisi yezimboni, enikeza ibhalansi enhle kakhulu yamandla aphakathi nendawo kanye ne-ductility enengqondo. Ikakhulukazi inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu ezindaweni ezine-oxidizing kakhulu nezinciphisa kancane, okuhlanganisa nama-chloride. Yayisetshenziswa kabanzi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-Ti efana nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali, ama-anode azinzile, imboni yezokwelapha, imboni yasolwandle, izingxenye zezimoto kanye nesakhiwo se-airframe.
Ibanga lesi-3 lisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amandla amaphakathi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala okukhulu futhi lisetshenziswa kancane emndenini we-titanium emsulwa, kodwa lokho akulenzi libe yigugu kangako. IBanga lesi-3 linamandla kuneBanga loku-1 kanye nelesi-2, liyafana nge-ductility futhi liyakheka kancane, kodwa linemishini ephakeme kuneyandulelayo.
Ibanga lesi-4 laziwa njengelinamandla kunawo wonke amabanga amane omndeni we-CP titanium. Yaziwa nangokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ukumila kahle nokushisela. Ibanga lesi-4 livamise ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini futhi bathole indawo njenge-titanium yebanga lezokwelapha muva nje.

I-LKALLOY inikeza i-ASTM B348 eminingana ehlukene yezohwebo kanye ne-ASTM B265 Titanium Amabanga 1, 2, 3 no-4. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nolwazi olusha kanye nentengo, sishayele namuhla noma usithumele i-imeyili. [i-imeyili ivikelwe]

Iyini ithusi le-beryllium?

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I-Beryllium iyinsimbi empunga yensimbi, eqinile, enesisindo esilula enendawo eyodwa yokuncibilika kwezinsimbi ezikhanyayo. Ine-elasticity modulus enhle kakhulu, i-thermal conductivity, ayinamagnetic futhi imelana ne-nitric acid egxilile. I-beryllium isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-alloying agent ekukhiqizeni ithusi le-beryllium futhi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 engqikithi ye-beryllium yomhlaba isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ithusi le-beryllium.

Ithusi leBeryllium(BeCu), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Beryllium Bronze noma i-Spring Copper, i-alloy ngokungeza u-0.2~2.75% Beryllium futhi ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izici ku-cooper. I-Beryllium yethusi i-alloy eqinile futhi eqinile. Ubulukhuni bayo bungafinyelela ku-HRC38~43 ngemva kokwelashwa kokuguga kwesisombululo, futhi ukuqhutshwa kukagesi nakho kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. I-beryllium yethusi inohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho idinga amandla akhuphukayo aphezulu, ukuqina, kanye nokusebenza kukagesi okufana nokukhiqizwa kwesikhunta, amathuluzi okuphepha okuvikela ukuqhuma, izinto zikagesi nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimoto.

Abakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe bekhwalithi ephezulu ye-beryllium yethusi yi-Ulba Metallurgical, Brushwellman (manje eyi-Materion Brush) yase-United States kanye nenkampani yaseJapane i-Hinko (NGK). Ikhodi evamile yomkhiqizo emakethe ngokuyinhloko ihambisana namazinga e-ASTM, futhi impahla ye-alloy imakwe ngohlamvu C. C17000, C17200 kanye ne-C17300 yizinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-beryllium zethusi.

 

 

Izindinganiso ezisetshenziswa kabanzi zaseMelika mayelana ne-beryllium yethusi:

I-ASTM B 194: Ukucaciswa kwepuleti le-copper-beryllium alloy, ishidi, i-strip kanye ne-roll bar;

I-ASTM B196: Ukucaciswa kwenduku ye-copper-beryllium alloy kanye nebha;

I-ASTM B197: Ukucaciswa kwe-copper-beryllium alloy wire;

I-ASTM B 643: Ukucaciswa kwe-copper-beryllium alloy tube engenamthungo;

I-ASTM B441: Ukucaciswa kwe-copper-cobalt-beryllium, i-copper-nickel-beryllium, ne-copper-nickel-lead-beryllium rod kanye nebha (UNS no c17500, c17510, kanye ne-c17465);

I-ASTM B534: Ukucaciswa kwe-copper-cobalt-beryllium alloy ne-copper-nickel-beryllium alloy plate, ishidi, umugqa, kanye nebha egoqiwe.

 

Yahlukaniswa kanjani i-beryllium copper alloy?

Ngokwezindlela zayo zokucubungula, ithusi le-Beryllium lingahlukaniswa libe yi-deformation beryllium yethusi kanye ne-casting beryllium yethusi. Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwe-beryllium nezici zayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe yithusi eliphezulu le-beryllium (1.6% ~ 2.0% Beryllium) kanye nethusi eliphezulu le-beryllium conductivity (0.2% ~ 0.6% Beryllium). C17000, C17200 futhi C17300 kukhona high amandla umndeni nge conductivity okulingene, kuyilapho C17500 kanye ne-C17510 inikezela nge-conductivity ephezulu ngamandla amaphakathi. I-beryllium yethusi ehambisanayo ephonsa ithusi ihlanganisa ithusi eliphezulu le-beryllium ekhonjiwe (C82000, C82200) kanye nethusi eliphezulu le-beryllium eliphonswe nge-Abrasion resistance (C82400, C82500, C82600, C82800).

 

Isetshenziselwa ini i-beryllium copper sheet kanye neshubhu?

I-Beryllium yethusi isetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni we-aerospace & aviation, electronics, ukuxhumana, imishini, uphethiloli, imboni yamakhemikhali, imoto kanye nemishini yasendlini. Amashidi ethusi e-Berryllium kanye namashubhu asetshenziselwa ukwenza izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nediski yefilimu, i-diaphragm, ishubhu likathayela, i-spring washer, ibhulashi le-micromotor kanye ne-commutator, isixhumi sikagesi, ukushintsha, ukuthintana, izingxenye zewashi, izingxenye zomsindo, ibherethi ethuthukisiwe, igiya, imishini kagesi yemoto. , isikhunta sepulasitiki, i-electrode yokushisela, ikhebuli ehamba ngaphansi kolwandle, igobolondo lokucindezela, ithuluzi elingenanhlansi, njll.

 

I-Beryllium yethusi ingxubevange inomkhawulo wamandla ofanayo, umkhawulo wokunwebeka, umkhawulo wesivuno kanye nomkhawulo wokukhathala njengensimbi ekhethekile. Ine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, i-conductivity ephezulu, ubulukhuni obukhulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ukuzinza okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nokukhuphuka okuphezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Iphinde ibe nezakhiwo ezinhle zokulingisa, ezingeyona - kazibuthe futhi ayinayo inhlansi emthelela. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-BeCu alloy iyingxube ephelele enenhlanganisela yezinto ezinhle zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezomshini. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana ne-Beryllium copper alloy, sishayele namuhla noma usithumele i-imeyili [i-imeyili ivikelwe] ukuze ufunde kabanzi.

 

Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-titanium alloy kubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D

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I-Titanium, enye yezingxubevange ezaziwa kakhulu ekuphrinteni kwe-Metal 3D, ihlanganisa izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini ezinesisindo esiqondile esiphansi kakhulu. I-titanium ehlanzekile itholakala ebangeni lokuqala kuya kwelesine futhi wonke amabanga abonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okwedlulele, i-ductility kanye nokushisela. I-Ti6Al4V iyingxubevange ye-titanium engamaphesenti angu-6 e-aluminium kanye namaphesenti angu-4 e-vanadium futhi igcina amandla ayo aphezulu okudonsa ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, zingatholakala izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho ekusebenziseni okungokoqobo.

 

1 Isicelo sezokwelapha

Enqubweni yezimboni, i-biocompatibility ye-titanium yenza insimbi ibe yokuzikhethela ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuthintana kwensimbi okuqondile nethishu noma ithambo kuyisidingo. Phakathi kwezinto zensimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukulungisa izicubu eziqinile zomuntu, i-Ti's elastic modulus (cishe i-80 ~ 110 GP) iyona eseduze kakhulu nezicubu eziqinile zomuntu, ezinganciphisa ukungakwazi ukusebenziseka komshini phakathi kokufakelwa kwensimbi nezicubu zethambo. Ngakho-ke, i-titanium alloy inethuba elibanzi lokusebenza emkhakheni wezokwelapha.

Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, iMelika ne-United Kingdom zasebenzisa i-Ti emsulwa entweni ephilayo okokuqala. I-Pure Ti inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle endaweni yokuphila, ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa komlomo nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezithwala kancane, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka okungalungile kukhawule ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezingxenyeni ezithwele.

Ekuphrinteni kwe-3D, izakhiwo zemishini ze-titanium alloys I-Ti6Al4V(Gr5) kanye ne-Ti6Al4V (Gr23) zibenze izinqumo ezidumile zemithi yokwelapha. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Ti ehlanzekile, i-Ti6 Al4V ingxubevange inamandla aphezulu nokucutshungulwa okuhle, ekuqaleni yayiklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-aerospace, bese isetshenziswa kabanzi ezintweni zokulungisa zokuhlinza ezifana nokulungiswa kogebhezi, ipuleti lethambo, njll. ithimba labacwaningi ligxile kakhulu ku-Ti6Al4V, kodwa isici esithi Al no-V singase sibe yingozi emzimbeni womuntu, ingxubevange entsha ye-beta titanium ngaphandle kwe-Al no-V njenge-TiZrNbSn, Ti24Nb4Zr7. 6 Sn njll kwatholakala.

Kulezi zinsuku, ukuphrinta kwe-3D kusetshenziswe ekuhlinzeni amathambo kanye nokushintshwa kwamathambo. Ngokwemininingwane yeziguli, i-prosthesis kanye nomhlahlandlela osizayo waphrintwa ukuze usize ukuthola indawo yokusikeka, indawo yokubhoboza, nokujula kokubhoboza ukuze kulingise ukuhlinzwa. I-prosthesis eyenziwe ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ingakwazi ukuvuselela amangqamuzana ezicubu zomuntu ku-interspace, futhi i-prosthesis eyenziwe ngezifiso iyafana nesimo sokuqala somzimba wesiguli, futhi ekugcineni ifinyelela umphumela wokusondela kwethambo langempela ngemva kokuhlinzwa. NgoJulayi 2015, ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba esibhedlela sase-TangDu saseShayina kwenze ngempumelelo i-3D ephrintiwe i-titanium alloy sternum implant njengesiguli esinesimila somgogodla, kwaba ukufakelwa kwe-sternum kwe-titanium alloy sternum yokuqala emhlabeni ephrintiwe nge-3D. Udokotela wamazinyo uboniswa ukwenza ngokwezifiso komuntu siqu, ukwenziwa kwe-miniaturization okusheshayo nokungasindi, okulungele ngokukhethekile ukwamukela impushana yensimbi, ikakhulukazi ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-titanium alloy powder 3D. Imikhiqizo yayo ihlanganisa imiqhele yamazinyo, amabhuloho wamazinyo, abakaki be-orthodontic bangemuva, abakaki bokufakelwa, nezikulufu zamazinyo.

 

2 Isikhunta kanye namathuluzi

Ama-alloys e-Titanium asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zezingxenye nezingxenye ezinjengokufaka izindwani, izinsimbi, izindandatho, ama-discs, amahabhu nezitsha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile zokuqamba nezindlela zokuphonsa, ukuphrinta kwe-3D okulawulwa ngekhompiyutha kuguqula i-CAD ngokufanelekile ibe ikhodi yomshini noma ukukhipha amaphutha abantu, kulawula ngokuqinile usayizi wengxenye yamathuluzi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye ezigobile kakhulu. Inciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokukhiqiza semodeli kanye nesikhunta, ithuthukisa ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi yemodeli, futhi inciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza nezindleko.

 

3 I-Aerospace & Aeronautics

Ukukhiqiza izindiza kuphumelela kakhulu futhi kubiza kakhulu kunangaphambili ngoba kudinga ubunjiniyela bezinga eliphezulu ukuze kukhuphuke indiza esibhakabhakeni. Kusukela ezingxenyeni ezingasindi ukuya ekukhiqizweni kochungechunge oluqinisekisiwe, siyazi ukuthi izingxenye zendiza zidinga ukuthinta okungajwayelekile. Izindleko eziphakeme, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesikhathi eside sokulethwa kwemikhiqizo ye-titanium alloy ekhiqizwa ngamasu endabuko okukhanga nokuphonsa kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo, ikakhulukazi embonini ye-aerospace lapho kudingeka khona ukwenza ngokwezifiso. ukukhiqizwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini, kuyilapho izingxenye zensimbi ezikhiqizwa ukuphrinta kwe-3D zihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zazo zemishini.

I-titanium alloy esetshenziselwa ama-gearbox kanye nenduku yokuxhuma i-Ti6Al4V ne-Ti6Al4VEL. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D buhlanganisa ukuklama komqondo, ukuqinisekiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nokukhiqiza, okungase kubonakale ngokushesha ukuqanjwa kwemikhiqizo emincane futhi kufinyeze isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Isamba senani lempahla lehliswe ngama-63%. Ukwehliswa kwesisindo okuphawulekayo kuholela ekuphrinteni kwekhabhoni encane kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okuncane ezindizeni. Ukucindezeleka okushisayo kuye kwancishiswa ngenxa yezinto eziningi ezincane kanye nezindawo zokusekela ezinkulu kanye nezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezimisekile zingenziwa.

 

Isingeniso esifushane sezinto ezisetshenziswa kabanzi zensimbi zokuphrinta kwe-3D

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Ukuphrinta kwensimbi ye-3D, okubuye kwaziwe ngokuthi i-metal fusion, sekunqobe izimakethe ezintsha emkhakheni wezokundiza, wezokwelapha, wokwakha kanye newezimoto eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngezinzuzo zakho ezingenakuqhathaniswa kanye nokuba lula. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe bensimbi bokuphrinta be-3D bushesha futhi bungashibhile, bungasetshenziswa futhi ukwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa i-selective laser sintering (SLS), i-electron beam fusion (EBM), i-selective laser fusion (SLM) kanye ne-laser engineered net shaping (LENS). I-SLM isebenzisa umthombo we-laser onamandla kakhulu ongancibilikisa impushana yensimbi ehlukahlukene, iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu. Impushana yensimbi esetshenziselwa amaphrinta e-3D asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngokuvamile yile: Insimbi yethuluzi, insimbi ye-Martensitic, insimbi engagqwali, i-titanium ehlanzekile ne-titanium alloy, i-Aluminium alloy, i-nickel base alloy, i-Copper base alloy, i-Cobalt-chromium alloy nokunye.

 

INSIMBI ENGAGQWALI

Insimbi engagqwali into yokuqala esetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni kwensimbi ye-3D ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle namakhemikhali, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zensimbi engagqwali ezisetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwe-3D kwensimbi: i-Austenite insimbi engagqwali engu-316L, i-Martensite insimbi engagqwali engu-15-5PH kanye ne-Martensite insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH.

316L insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic, enamandla amakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala, ingancishiswa ibe izinga lokushisa eliphansi emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene. Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zobunjiniyela njenge-aerospace kanye ne-petrochemical, kanye nokucubungula ukudla nokwelashwa.

15-5PH Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Martensitic aging (i-precipitated hardening) insimbi engagqwali, inamandla aphezulu, ukuqina okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala, kuwukuqina okuqhubekayo kwensimbi engena-ferrite. Njengamanje, isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, petrochemical, chemical, processing food, paper and metal processing industries.

17-4 PH Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic, esenamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuphezulu ngaphansi kuka-315 ℃, nokumelana okuqinile nokugqwala futhi ingaletha i-ductility enhle kakhulu njengesimo somshini we-laser.

 

I-TITANIUM ALLOY

Ama-alloys e-Titanium asetshenziswe kabanzi ku-aerospace, imboni yamakhemikhali, imboni yenuzi, imishini yezemidlalo kanye nemishini yezokwelapha ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuminyana okuphansi kanye nokuvumelana kwezinto eziphilayo. Izingxenye ze-Titanium alloy zisetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, njenge-F14, F15, F117, B2 kanye nezindiza zezempi ze-F22. Ingxenye ye-titanium esetshenziswe endizeni ye-Boeing 747 ngokulandelana ngokulandelana kwayo ingu-24%, 27%, 25%, 26% kanye no-42%. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zendabuko zokubumba nokuphonsa ukuze kukhiqizwe izingxenye ezinkulu ze-titanium alloy zinezinkinga eziningi, njengezindleko eziphezulu, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, izinga eliphansi lokusebenzisa impahla kanye nokucubungula okunzima kokulandelela, okuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi. Ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-Metal 3D bungaxazulula lezi zinkinga ngokuyisisekelo, ngakho-ke sekuwubuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqiza izingxenye ze-titanium alloy eminyakeni yamuva nje.

I-TiAl6V4 (Gr5) ingxubevange yokuqala esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukuphrinta kwe-SLM3D. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana ne-plastic shear deformation empofu kanye nokumelana nokugqoka kwe-titanium kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukugqwala kanye nezimo zokumelana nokugqoka. Ngakho-ke, i-Re ne-Ni yethulwa ku-titanium alloys, futhi isifafaza se-3D esiphrintiwe se-Re-based Re-based sisetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekamelweni elivuthayo le-aero-injini, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lingafinyelela ku-2200%.

 

COBALT

H13 hot work tool steel ingenye yazo. Izinsimbi zamathuluzi zisetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni zezimboni ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana ne-deformation kanye nekhono lokugcina imiphetho yokusika emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Izinsimbi ze-Martensitic, ezithatha i-Martensite 300 njengesibonelo, ezaziwa nangokuthi izinsimbi ze-maraging, ziphawuleka ngamandla azo aphezulu, ukuqina kanye nokuzinza kwe-dimensional ngesikhathi sokuguga. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa, i-Martensite 300 ifaneleka ezinhlelweni eziningi zokufa njengesikhunta somjovo, ukukhishwa kwengxube yensimbi ekhanyayo, isitembu kanye ne-extrusion, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-aerospace, izingxenye ze-fuselage ezinamandla aphezulu kanye nezingxenye zemoto yomjaho.

 

I-ALUMINIUM ALLOY

Ama-alloys e-aluminium anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba, zamakhemikhali nezomshini futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Kodwa-ke, izakhiwo ze-aluminium alloys ngokwazo (ezifana ne-oxidation elula, ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kanye nokuhanjiswa kwe-thermal) kwandisa ubunzima bokukhiqiza okukhethiwe kwe-laser fusion. Kunezinkinga ezithile ezifana ne-oxidation, ingcindezi eyinsalela, amaphutha angenalutho kanye nokuminyana kwinqubo ye-SLM lapho kunyatheliswa ama-alloys e-aluminium. Lezi zinkinga zingathuthukiswa ngokuvikela ngokuqinile umkhathi, ukwandisa amandla e-laser nokunciphisa isivinini sokushanela. Njengamanje, i-SLM iphrinta i-aluminium alloy materials ikakhulukazi i-Al-Si-Mg series alloy efana ne-AlSi12 ne-AlSi10Mg. I-Aluminium-silicon 12 iyimpushana yensimbi enethayo engasindi esebenza kahle ngokushisa okushisayo. Ingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezincanyana zodonga, njengezishintshisi zokushisa noma ezinye izingxenye zezimoto. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ku-prototype kanye nezingxenye zokukhiqiza ze-aerospace kanye nemboni yezindiza.Ukwengezwa kwe-silicon ne-magnesium kunikeza ingxubevange ye-aluminium amandla nokuqina okwengeziwe, okwenza ifanele udonga oluncane kanye nezingxenye zejometri eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi esimweni esihle sokushisa. ukusebenza kanye nesisindo esincane.

 

I-MAGNESIUM ALLOY

Njengengxube yesakhiwo esilula kunazo zonke, ingxubevange ye-magnesium inethuba lokushintsha insimbi ne-aluminium ingxubevange emikhakheni eminingi yohlelo lokusebenza ngenxa yamandla ayo akhethekile aphezulu kanye nezakhiwo zokudambisa. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-magnesium alloys engasindi ezingxenyeni zezimoto nezendiza kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kanye nokukhipha umoya. Ingxubevange ye-Mg inokuwohloka okuhle kakhulu kwe-in-situ kanye ne-biocompatibility, ne-modulus ephansi ye-Young futhi isondelene namandla amathambo omuntu. Inamathemba amaningi okusebenza ekufakweni kokuhlinzwa kune-alloy yendabuko.

 

I-ALLOY ESEMPERATURE ESIPHEZULU

Ingxubevange yokushisa ephezulu isho ingxubevange yensimbi eyi-super iron, nickel necobalt njengesisekelo futhi isengasebenza isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu okungu-600 ℃ noma ngaphezulu kanye nemvelo yokucindezeleka. Inamandla okushisa aphezulu, ukumelana okuhle nokumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation kanye nepulasitiki enhle nokuqina. Njengamanje, ama-alloys angahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu: i-alloy esekelwe ku-Fe, i-nickel based alloy ne-cobalt alloy.

I-Superalloy isetshenziswa kakhulu ezinjinini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ezinjinini zesimanje ezithuthukile ze-aero, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ze-superalloy kubala u-40% ~ 60% wengqikithi yesisindo senjini. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinjini ze-aero zesimanje ezisebenza kahle kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu nokusebenza kwe-superalloy. Inqubo ye-metallurgical evamile yama-ingots ihamba kancane ekupholiseni, ezinye izakhi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesigaba sesibili kubucayi kuma-ingots. Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuyindlela entsha yokuxazulula ibhodlela lobuchwepheshe ekwenzeni i-nickel alloy.

Ngenxa yalokho, I-Inconel 625 isetshenziswa kaningi ezingxenyeni zensimbi ezisetshenziswa olwandle nasekukhiqizeni uwoyela negesi. Isilinganiso 718 inguqulo eqinile yeminyaka engu-625. I-718 iyingxubevange esekwe nickel, enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle nokumelana nokushisa, ukwelula, ukukhathala kanye nezindawo ezinwabuzelayo, futhi ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphakeme, njengezinjini eziphehla uphethiloli zezindiza nomhlaba. ama-turbines asekelwe. I-Inconel 718 alloy iyi-nickel base superalloy eyake yasetshenziswa futhi iyingxubevange esetshenziswa kakhulu injini ye-aero okwamanje.

Ingxubevange ye-Cobalt-chromium inamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, ukuhambisana okuhle kwe-biocompatibility kanye nezakhiwo ezingezona uzibuthe. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kokuhlinzwa, okuhlanganisa amalunga e-alloy artificial, amadolo ahlangene nama-hip joints, futhi ingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zenjini, izimboni zemfashini nezobucwebe.

 

Selokhu kwavela ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D ngeminyaka yawo-1990, kusukela ezintweni zokuqala ze-polymer kuya kumpushana wensimbi, kuthuthukiswe futhi kwasetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusha obuningi, imishini emisha nezinto ezintsha. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zensimbi ezifanele ukuphrinta kwe-3D yezimboni, kodwa izinto ezimbalwa kuphela ezishiwo zempushana ezingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqizwa kwezimboni. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D be-metal powder buzuze ezinye izimpumelelo okwamanje, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kuseyisici esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi kunezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu ezintweni zokuphrinta ze-3D. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D be-metal powder kusenendlela ende okufanele ihambe.

 

Iyini insimbi engu-2205?Insimbi engagqwali eyiDuplex S31803 noma i-S32205?

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Duplex insimbi engagqwali (UNS S31803, S32205, S32750, S32900) ihlanganisa izinzuzo zeFerrite ne-Austenite steel. Ukwakheka kwayo okuphindwe kabili kuyasiza ekutholeni amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nengcindezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, i-nitrogen ne-molybdenum kukhulisa ukusebenza kokugqwala kanye nensimbi eyi-duplex nayo inokusebenza okuhle kokushisela. Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle kakhulu, insimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamakhemikhali, ukukhiqizwa kwephepha, imishini yokukhipha usawoti emanzini, izindonga zomlilo, amabhuloho, imikhumbi yokucindezela, izishintshisi zokushisa, ama-turbine blades kanye nemishini yokudlulisela yezinhlelo zasogwini.

Kwesinye isikhathi, i-UNS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 kubhekiselwa kuzo njenge-duplex 2205. Ngokuvamile, i-UNS2205 iqukethe i-ASTM S31803 kanye ne-S32205 duplex steels stainless. Ngamanye amazwi, i-S31803 ne-S32205 zombili zibizwa nge-2205 insimbi engagqwali, futhi i-S32205 iwuchungechunge oluthuthukisiwe lwe-S31803 ngokwengeza okuqukethwe komkhawulo ophansi wezakhi ze-Cr, Mo kanye ne-N, okwenza umehluko omncane kuzakhiwo zemishini. Umehluko wabo omncane kuzakhi zamakhemikhali nezinto ezibonakalayo ukhonjiswa ngezansi:

I-UNS2205 C max P S Simax Mn max N Mo Ni Cr
S31803

 

 0.03

 

 0.03 0.02 1.00

 

 2.00 0.08-0.2 2.5-3.5 4.5-6.5 21.0-23.0
S32205

 

 0.03

max

 0.03 0.02 1.00

max

 I-2.00 max 0.14-0.2 3.0-3.5 4.5-6.5 22.0-23.0

 

I-UNS2205 amandla eqine

min, Mpha

 Ukukhulisa amandla

0.2% offset, min, Mpa

 I-Elongation, A5%
S31803 620 450 25
S32205 655 450 25

 

Ngokusho kwe-ASTM A182 Standard, Ukucaciswa kwamapayipi ensimbi enziwe ngomgunyathi noma engagqwali, amaFlange, ama-Forged Fittings, namaValves kanye nezingxenye zesevisi ye-High-Temperature Service, i-UNS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 ayikwazi ukudideka futhi icaciswe ngenombolo ehlukile, i-S31803 imakwe ngo-F51 futhi I-S32205 iyi-F60.

Uma ukhuluma ngensimbi engu-2205, ngokuvamile ibhekisela ku-S31803 noma i-F51, kuyilapho i-UNS S32205 noma i-F60 ihambisana ne-ASTM 2205 yamukela uhla lwayo oluphakeme lokumelana nokugqwala, okungukuthi, i-UNS S32205 idinga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-Chromium ne-Nitrogen, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono. Ngokuvamile, i-S32205 steel plate kanye ne-S31803 zibizwa nangokuthi i-double standard steel plate, noma i-2205 steel plate ngamafuphi. Ifektri yethu ikhiqiza amashubhu angu-2205 namapuleti angu-2205 ukwenza ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kuhambisane nemibandela emibili ye-UNS 31803 kanye ne-S30025. Ipuleti yethu yensimbi esitokweni ingahlangabezana nezinhlobo ezimbili zamazinga ngesikhathi esisodwa.

 

6 izicelo ze-Titanium ne-Titanium alloys

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Ukukhethwa kwe-titanium ekusetshenzisweni okuchichimayo kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezithile ezihlotshaniswa nensimbi kufaka phakathi ukuthembeka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukwanda okushisayo, isilinganiso samandla kuya kwesisindo, izakhiwo zemishini. Sinikeza uhla olubanzi lwama-Ti alloys kubha eyindilinga, ishidi & ipuleti, ikhoyili, ipayipi & neshubhu, ukufakwa kwamapayipi, ama-flanges, ama-forging kanye nezinto zokushisela zikawoyela negesi, ezokwelashwa, ukucubungula amakhemikhali, ukukhiqiza amandla, izindiza zezimoto.

 

1. Indiza kanye ne-Aerospace 

Ama-alloys e-Titanium aqhudelana ngempumelelo ne-aluminium, ama-nickel alloys kukho kokubili ama-airframe okuhweba namasosha. I-Titanium ikhethwa kwezokundiza kanye ne-aerospace ngenxa yezimpawu zayo eziyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi amandla ayo nesilinganiso sesisindo kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 lapho yaqala khona ezinhlelweni zempi futhi yagcina ingene ezindizeni zezentengiselwano. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-airframe yesakhiwo zifaka izakhiwo zamaphiko, izingxenye zegiya lokuhlala, izinsimbi ezibalulekile, iziphethu, namashubhu asebenza ngogesi.

 

2.Chemical Processing

Izakhiwo eziphakeme zokumelana nokugqwala kwe-Titanium ziyenza ibe ukukhetha kwemboni ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu njengezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Chemical Processing. Asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zamapayipi nezingxenye lapho kudingeka kucutshungulwe izinhlanganisela ezinolaka njenge-nitric acid, ama-organic acid, i-chlorine dioxide, ama-acids ancishisiwe avinjelwe, ne-hydrogen sulfide eMikhunjini Yokucindezela, Amakholomu Okukhipha I-Distillation, Ama-Reactor & Agitators, Izinto Zokulawula Ukungcola, Izishintshi Zokushisa. & Condensers, Swimming pool lining & fixtures, Instrumentation & Flow Control Equipment, agitator, cooler nokunye.

 

3.Ukukhiqiza Amandla

Impahla ye-Titanium isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini Yokukhiqiza Amandla. Amashubhu e-Titanium asetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu kusishintshisi sokushisa esiyisiyingi nasezitshalweni zamandla ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwala kwayo nokuphila kwayo okungenamkhawulo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ama-6AL4V ama-titanium turbine blades ezindaweni ezibalulekile ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle nempilo yama-turbines anengcindezi ephansi kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ehlisa isikhathi sokuphumula nokunakekelwa.

 

4. Imboni Yezokwelapha

Isilinganiso samandla nesisindo senze i-titanium yaba ukukhetha okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo emakethe yezokwelapha lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kunenzuzo. Uhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile oluhlanganisa:

Ukushintshwa kwethambo nelunga: Ikhanda le-femoral yokwenziwa, ilunga le-Hip, ilunga ledolo, ilunga leqakala, Ilunga lehlombe;

Izimila Zamazinyo: Izimila zamazinyo, Amazinyo Okufakelwa, Izisekelo zamazinyo okufakelwa kanye nama-stents;

Izimila zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-Endovascular Stents, ama-valve enhliziyo, ama-Pacemakers,

Izimila zokulungisa ugebhezi: Ipuleti elinezikhala ezimbili ezinobukhulu kanye ne-3D, isikulufu Sethambo, Ithambo, Ipuleti;

Ukufakelwa kwamalunga ethambo: Ukufakelwa kwamalunga ethambo, isikulufu sethambo, ipuleti lethambo, ikheji le-Intervebral fusion, iphinikhodi ye-intramedullary, uhlelo lokulungisa lwangaphakathi lomgogodla.

 

5.Isicelo sasolwandle

Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ezisetshenziswa endaweni yasolwandle kubalulekile. Indawo ethize yomkhiqizo ngamunye embonini kufanele inakwe ukuze ukhethe ama-alloys afanele ukumelana nokugqwala ngezidingo zakho. I-Ti alloy isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokubhoboza kanye nezingxenye ze-Down Hole Tooling, Izinto Zokusebenza, I-Offshore Topside Piping, i-Subsea Forgings and Piping, i-Wellhead Equipment njalonjalo.

 

6.Imikhiqizo Yabathengi

Isilinganiso samandla nesisindo senze i-titanium yaba ukukhetha okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo emakethe yezimpahla zezemidlalo nemfashini lapho ukunciphisa isisindo kunenzuzo. Imikhiqizo yezemidlalo ejwayelekile ehlanganisa amarekhethi ethenisi, izinti ze-lacrosse, amakilabhu egalofu, amabhayisikili, amagiya okukhempa, nokuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zemfashini ziye zayisebenzisa ekwakhiweni kwewashi izinzuzo ezihlanganisa ukuguquguquka, isisindo esilula, ukunethezeka kanye nemfashini. Ezinye izesekeli zemfashini manje ezinikezwa nge-titanium zifaka amafreyimu engilazi yamehlo, i-tableware, amathreyi omlotha, izinkomishi nokunye.

 

 

I-Titanium inikeza okokusebenza okuphumelelayo kwezomnotho ezindaweni eziningi ezonakalisayo. Ukumelana nokugqwala kunweba umjikelezo wempilo wemishini futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokuyilungisa. Sigcina uhlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo yensimbi ekhethekile nemikhiqizo yokugaya i-titanium kubha eyindilinga, ishidi & ipuleti, ikhoyili, ipayipi & neshubhu, okokufakwa kwamapayipi, ama-flanges, ama-forgings, ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zamamaki namasayizi anezikhathi zokuhola ukuze sanelise izidingo zakho zokukhiqiza. Xhumana nathi namuhla ngesidingo sakho!

 

 

2018 China's Titanium welded tube market look

/in /by

 

Selokhu kwakhiqizwa isipontshi i-Titanium ngendlela yokunciphisa i-magnesium e-United States ngo-1948, singene enkathini yegolide yemboni ye-titanium. I-Titanium isetshenziswe kabanzi ngenxa yamandla ayo adonsela phansi akhethekile, amandla aphezulu, ukuguquguquka okuphansi kwe-thermal, ukugqwala nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukushisela, akukho uzibuthe, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphakeme zokukhiqiza, i-titanium ayizange izuze ukusetshenziswa okubanzi emkhakheni wezimboni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nenqubekela phambili yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, i-titanium ingacutshungulwa ibe yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene futhi isetshenziswe emikhakheni eminingi. I-Titanium isiphenduke into ebaluleke kakhulu ku-aerospace, Marine, petrochemical, medical and other industry.

Ipayipi le-Titanium lingahlukaniswa libe nekhono Ti pipe futhi eshiselwe i-Ti pipe. Manje amashubhu e-titanium angenamthungo emakethe yaseShayina ngokuvamile amukela inqubo ye-vacuum annealing yokugoqeka okubandayo, okusho ukuthi, ingot ye-titanium yenziwa ibe yi-tube billet ngokusebenzisa i-forging bar billet, bese ngenqubo yokugingqika nokufaka ama-multi-pass, ekugcineni i-titanium engenamthungo. amashubhu enziwe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izimboni zamapayipi okushisela i-titanium yaseChina ziye zaqala ukusebenza ngokulandelana, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi lokushisela i-titanium kuyanda unyaka nonyaka. Nokho, main abakhiqizi basekhaya amapayipi ngokuyinhloko namanje akhiqizwa ipayipi Seamless, okuyinto ehamba phambili emakethe kwezicelo.

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula amashubhu angenamthungo e-titanium buvuthiwe, bunqunyelwe imishini yamazwe athuthukile, amapayipi e-titanium ikakhulukazi asebenzisa i-titanium enamandla aphansi, i-low-alloy pure titanium noma i-alloy Ti-Mo-Ni kanye nezinye ingxubevange ye-titanium ephakathi nendawo nephansi njenge-titanium. izinto eziyisisekelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obubandayo. Amapayipi we-titanium alloy aphakathi nendawo namandla aphezulu, njengepayipi le-Ti6Al4V, adinga ukugoqa okushisayo okudingeka kufakwe idivayisi yokushisisa yokungenisa emshinini wokugoqa. Kumapayipi anezidingo ezikhethekile, ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi okungenamthungo kwaba nzima kakhulu. Kulawo mapayipi anezindonga ezincane ze-titanium ne-titanium alloy noma amapayipi e-titanium amade angaphezu kuka-14m ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi le-titanium elingenamthungo kudinga amathuluzi amaningi namathuluzi abrasive kanye nemishini eyinkimbinkimbi, okuholela ekukhiqizeni okulinganiselwe kanye nomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza wabakhiqizi, ongakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe yamapayipi anezindonga ezincane, ipayipi elide elide kanye ne-low-. ipayipi lezindleko.

Ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni beshubhu le-titanium elingenamthungo okukhulunywe ngenhla, ishubhu elishiselwe i-titanium liyavela. Njengomkhiqizo we-titanium tube oyingqayizivele, i- i-ti-welded tube ikhiqizwa ithubhu elisekela ikhoyili eline-ti, elishiselwe ukuvikelwa kwegesi ye-tungsten electrode inert. Izinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zokushisela amapayipi e-titanium zihlanganisa inkampani yensimbi yaseJapane nenkampani yensimbi ye-KOBE, inkampani yaseFrance iValtimet, inkampani yaseRussia iVSMPO nokunye. Maphakathi nawo-1980, i-Xi 'an BaoMei Farino welding pipe co., Ltd. yasungula imigqa emibili yokukhiqiza ipayipi yokushisela elinganiselwe ethuthukisiwe, futhi inkampani yaba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala wamapayipi e-titanium wokushisela eChina.

Uma kuqhathaniswa neshubhu le-titanium elingenamthungo, ishubhu elishiselwe i-titanium lingasetshenziswa ukwenza ukufakwa kwamapayipi anogqinsi oluncane lodonga, olungafinyelela ku-0.3mm-0.5mm, kuyilapho ubuncane bodonga lweshubhu le-titanium elingenamthungo bungaba ngu-0.9mm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokusebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe zepayipi elishiselwe, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kungcono. Njengoba impahla ye-titanium inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu emanzini olwandle, ipayipi lokushisela i-titanium kancane kancane selithathe indawo yensimbi engagqwali nepayipi lengxubevange yethusi ukuze libe into ekhethwayo ye-condenser nesishintshi sokushisa. Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamandla ogwini, ukuchithwa kwamanzi olwandle, uwoyela wasolwandle kanye nezinye izikhonkwane kanye nezishintshisi zokushisa ezidinga amanzi olwandle njengendawo yokupholisa.

Emazweni aseYurophu naseMelika, ipayipi elishiselwe elisetshenziselwa i-condenser kanye ne-exchanger ekuphehleni ugesi ogwini nasezimbonini zamandla enuzi kancane kancane lithathe indawo ye-titanium encane-enodonga olungenamthungo. Kunocwaningo olwengeziwe olufakazelwe ukuthi ipayipi elishiselwe i-titanium linokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kuneshubhu elingenamthungo ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela, ukusebenza ngokucindezela, kanye nokulwa nokukhathala, okubonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yokushisela yepayipi elishiselwe linganelisa ukusetshenziswa kwepayipi. imvelo enokhahlo. Ipayipi le-titanium elingenamthungo alanele ekuvuneni okuphansi kanye nomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nepayipi elishiselwe, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwepayipi elishiselwe le-titanium elicwengekile, kuzoba umkhuba omusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngezindleko zayo ezimfushane, eziphansi zokukhiqiza neziphezulu. ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

 

 

 

 

Ufuna i-alloy material evela e-China? LKALLOY mhlawumbe ukukhetha kwakho

/in /by

 

Ama-alloys akha iningi lezinsimbi esizisebenzisayo ngezinto zazo ezinhle njengamandla, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, uzibuthe, ukumelana nokushisa, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa nokunye. Izimboni zesimanje zisebenzisa ingxubevange yensimbi ukuze zifinyelele ukuqina, isisindo, izindleko, nezinye izindlela zokuklama. Lokho kusho ukuthi, lawa ma-alloys abalulekile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ukusuka kwezokwelapha kuye emkhathini, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwebhilidi kuya ekukhiqizeni ukudla, ingxubevange yezinto sezibalulekile ezimpilweni zethu.

 

Ngingubani mina?

I-LKALLOY t ingumphakeli onokwethenjelwa kanye nomsabalalisi wama-alloys wekhwalithi nama-alloys akhethekile. Sinikeza ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezinengxubevange enezithako ezifana nama-alloys asekelwe ku-Nickel, ama-Tungsten carbide alloys, i-Titanium, ama-alloys e-Copper-nickel kanye nensimbi engagqwali e-duplex. Lezo zinsimbi zekhwalithi esizihlinzekayo zakhiwe ngeshidi, ipuleti, ibha, amashubhu ohlelo lokusebenza zidinga umshini ofanele, izakhiwo ezingokomzimba, ukumelana nokuhuzuka, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

I-LKALLOY isitokwe ngohlu olugcwele lwe I-Nickel 200, Imali engu-400, I-Inconel 600/625, Uchungechunge lwe-Incoloy 800, Ikholomu 825, Futhi I-Hastelloy C276, I-Titanium Gr1/ Gr2/Gr5, high-speed steel M2/M42, Ithuluzi Lensimbi D2, Cooper ingxubevange C70600, I-Duplex 2205, Super Duplex 2507 njalo njalo. Imikhiqizo ye-alloy esiyihlinzekayo ikakhulukazi ivela e-china ehamba phambili e-steelworks futhi izinto ezithengiwe zihlala zihambisana nezitifiketi zekhwalithi.

 

Kungani Mina?

Okokuqala, i-China inemithombo eminingi yezimbiwa phansi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezingenayo, ezithunyelwa ngisho nakwamanye amazwe uma zikwazi ukuzimela. Ngokuqhubeka kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuncibilika, kuthuthukiswe amakhulu ezinkampani zikahulumeni kanye nezinkulungwane zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo kulo lonke uchungechunge lwezimboni, okuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nekhwalithi ye-alloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsiza zabasebenzi ezishibhile zaseShayina zengeza ukuncintisana okusobala enanini uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amazwe.

Idumela lethu njengochwepheshe emkhakheni wensimbi nemikhiqizo ye-alloy isekelwe eminyakeni engu-12 edlule. Ku-lkalloy.com, noma ngabe udinga ingxubevange esekwe nickel, ama-Tungsten carbide alloy, i-Copper alloy, noma i-Titanium alloy, sinomkhiqizi ofanele ongakhetha kukho. Noma ngabe uvela embonini ye-petrochemical, ukudla nesiphuzo, izimboni zobunjiniyela, noma izinto zikagesi, ezokwelashwa, izimboni zikagesi, sinezinto ezikufanele.

 

Njengenkampani yokuhweba eqinisekisiwe ye-ISO 9001, i-LKALLOY ithembekile. Manje yiba nguzakwethu we-LKALLOY, ithimba labantu abanolwazi, abakhuluma izilimi eziningi bahlale bejabule ukukusiza.