Izinto eziyi-9 okufanele uziqaphele lapho ushisela i-Hastelloy C-276

I-Hastelloy C-276, i-UNS N10276, ebizwa ngokuthi C276, ingenye yezingxubevange ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ezisuselwa ku-nickel. Ifanele izimboni ezihlukahlukene zamakhemikhali eziqukethe i-oxidizing nokunciphisa imidiya. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum ne-chromium kwenza ingxubevange imelane ne-chlorine. I-ion corrosion kanye nezakhi ze-tungsten zithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala.

I-Hastelloy C-276 ingenye yezinto okuwukuphela kwazo ezimelana nokugqwala nge-chlorine emanzi, i-hypochlorite, ne-chlorine dioxide solutions. Inokumelana okuphawulekayo nezixazululo ze-chloride zokugxila okuphezulu njenge-ferric chloride ne-chloride yethusi. Ukumelana nokugqwala.

I-Hastelloy C-276 ingasetshenziswa kulezi zindawo zokufaka izicelo ezilandelayo

1. Ukulawula ukungcoliswa kwama-stack liner, imigudu, ama-dampers, izikhuhla, izifudumezi zegesi ezipakishiwe, amafeni namashubhu abalandeli

2. I-flue gas desulfurization system

3. Izingxenye zokucubungula amakhemikhali njengezishintshisi zokushisa, imikhumbi yokusabela, ama-evaporator, namapayipi okulethwa

4. Imithombo yegesi yesibabule

5. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Pulp nephepha

6. Ukulahlwa kukadoti

7. Imishini yokukhiqiza imithi nokudla

Kunezinyathelo ezinkulu eziyi-9 lapho ushisela i-Hastelloy C-276:

1. Ukuhlanza ngaphambi kokushisela
Njengoba ukungcola nama-oxides kunamathela ebusweni be-Hastelloy, indawo yokushisela kufanele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokushisela. Indlela yokuhlanza ingaba ukuhlanza ngomshini, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa i-angle grinder ukupholisha indawo yokushisela kuze kube yilapho ukucwebezela kwensimbi kuvezwa. Ububanzi bokuhlanza kufanele bube ngaphezu kwe-100mm ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungcola akungeni endaweni yokushisela.

2. Indlela yokushisela
Lapho welding, indlela yokuxhumana yamanje eqondile ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukushisela. Uma uxhumano lwamanje oluqondile lusetshenziswa, izinga lokushisa lebanga le-tungsten liphansi, i-current evumelekile inkulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwebanga le-tungsten kuncane. Ukuphela kwebanga le-tungsten kuphansi ku-30 ​​°, futhi ikhanda liphansi kancane.

3. Ukuvikelwa kwegesi
I-Hastelloy C-276 kumele athathe izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukwehla kokungagqwala kokugqwala kwendawo ethintekile kanye nokushisa, njenge-gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), i-gas metal arc welding (GMAW), i-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi, noma enye indlela yokushisela enganciphisa ukwehla. ekumelaneni nokugqwala kwama-welds nezindawo ezithinteke ukushisa.

"I-Special Steel 100 Seconds" ibheka ukuthi umphumela wokuvikela igesi ye-argon usobala: ukuvikela okuhle, ukushisa okugxilile, ikhwalithi enhle ye-weld, indawo encane ethinteke ukushisa, ukuguqulwa okuncane kwe-weldment, ukunciphisa ukwehla kokumelana nokugqwala kwe-weld nokushisa. -indawo ethintekile.

4. Ukuqeqeshwa okuwusizo
Kungcono ukusebenzisa ukucubungula ngomshini noma ukucubungula okubandayo kuma-welding grooves ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukwakheka, usayizi, kanye nokuqina kwendawo ecutshunguliwe kuhambisana nezidingo zokudweba noma imithetho yenqubo yokushisela. Ukucutshungulwa komshini we-groove ngaphambi kwe-welding kuzodala ukuqina komsebenzi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukugaya i-groove eyenziwe ngomshini ngaphambi kokushisela. Ama-Welding grooves akufanele abe neziphambeko ezifana ne-delamination, ukugoqa, imifantu, nezinyembezi.

Pholisha indawo yensimbi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokushisela kanye nobubanzi obungu-50mm nhlangothi zombili ukuze ususe umbala we-oxidation, futhi uyihlanze ngezincibilikisi ezingena-oxide ezifana ne-ethanol, i-acetone, noma i-propanol ukuze ususe amafutha, umswakama, amamaki woshoki, nokunye ukungcola. I-solvent yokudweba kufanele kube yi-Caiying Clean Use lesikhumba esingena-lint noma isipontshi se-cellulose. I-“Special Steel 100 Seconds” isikhumbuza ukuthi izinto zokushisela ezingenamsebenzi nezinto eziyingozi ezingutsheni nasezicathulweni ezingcolile zabasebenzi kufanele kugwenywe ukuthintana nocezu lokusebenza ukuze kugwenywe ukungcoliswa kocwecwe lokusebenza.

5. Ukukhetha izinto zokushisela
Okunconyiwe: Sebenzisa i-ERNiCrMo-4 intambo yokushisela kanye ne-ENiCrMo-4 njengenduku yokushisela. Lolu hlobo lwentambo yokushisela lunokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kwenqubo. Ukwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali kufana nalokhu kwensimbi eyisisekelo futhi okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-manganese kuphakeme kunaleyo yensimbi eyisisekelo. Ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka nokulawula i-porosity ngesikhathi sokushisela. Ikhabhoni ene-ultra-low ikakhulukazi isiza ukuvikela ubungozi bokugqwala kwe-intergranular.

6. Ukushisa nokushisa kwe-interlayer
I-Hastelloy welding ekamelweni lokushisa ngokuvamile ayidingi ukushisa kwangaphambili. Kuphela uma izinga lokushisa emoyeni lingaphansi kwe-zero noma umswakama unqwabelana, isisekelo sensimbi sidinga ukushiswa, kodwa izinga lokushisa lokushisa lidinga kuphela ukufinyelela ku-30-40 ° C.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, insimbi yokushisela izokwakha inhlanganisela yensimbi ye-Fe-Cr, okungukuthi isigaba se-σ, ekushiseni okuphezulu (375-875) isikhathi eside. Isigaba sika-σ siqine ngokwedlulele futhi sishwabene futhi sisatshalaliswa emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, okubangela Ukuqina komthelela wensimbi yokushisela ukuncipha futhi ibe mnyama.

Uma usebenzisa i-welding enezingqimba eziningi, izinga lokushisa le-interlayer kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-90 ° C ukuze kuvinjelwe ubude obuningi obungu-375-875 ° C ekubangeleni ukuguqulwa kwesigaba sika-σ.

7. Izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho ushisela
Ukuze unciphise okokufaka kokushisa kwe-welding, zama ukusebenzisa i-welding current encane kanye nendlela yokushisela esheshayo yokushisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-Hastelloy kulula ukuqhekeka endaweni yokuvala i-arc, i-arc crater kufanele igcwaliswe lapho i-arc ivala. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukushisela i-arc futhi, i-arc crater yangaphambilini kufanele ipholishwe, bese ihlanzwa ngebhulashi elithambile ngaphambi kokuqhubeka. Ukushisela okulandelayo. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezimbili zingavimbela ukuvela kwemifantu eshisayo.

Amajoyinti ashiselwe asengozini yokugqwala kwe-intergranular. Kubandakanya ukugqwala kwe-intergranular of welds, "ukugqwala kommese" endaweni eshisa kakhulu eduze komugqa wokuhlanganisa, kanye nokugqwala okuphakathi nendawo ezingeni lokushisa elizwelayo lendawo ethinteke ukushisa.

8. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld
Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezinokhahlo kakhulu, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-C-276 nezinto zokushisela kufanele ziphathwe ngesixazululo sokushisa ukuze kutholwe ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kakhulu.

I-Hastelloy C-276 alloy material solid solution solution treatment, "insimbi ekhethekile imizuzwana eyi-100" ibhekwa njengehlanganisa izinqubo ezimbili: (1) ukushisa ku-1040 ~ 1150; (2) ukupholisa ngokushesha esimweni esimnyama (cishe 400) phakathi nemizuzu emibili, Izinto eziphathwa ngale ndlela zinokumelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngakho-ke, akusebenzi ukwenza kuphela ukwelashwa kokushisa okukhulula ingcindezi ku-Hastelloy C-276 alloy. Ngaphambi kokwelashwa kokushisa, kuyadingeka ukuhlanza ubuso be-alloy kusuka emafutheni amafutha nokunye ukungcola okungase kukhiqize izakhi zekhabhoni ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa ukushisa.

Ubuso be-Hastelloy C-276 ingxubevange izokhiqiza ama-oxides ngesikhathi sokushisela noma ukwelashwa kokushisa, okuzonciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-Cr ku-alloy futhi kuthinte ukumelana nokugqwala, ngakho-ke indawo kufanele ihlanzwe. Ungasebenzisa ibhulashi locingo lwensimbi engagqwali noma isondo lokugaya, bese ucwilisa engxubeni ye-nitric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid ngesilinganiso esifanele sokukhetha, bese ekugcineni uhlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

9. Izinyathelo zokuqapha amathuluzi wokushisela
Amathuluzi okucubungula kufanele kube amathuluzi okuhlanza akhethekile ama-nickel alloys. Lawa mathuluzi kufanele agcinwe ngokuhlukana futhi amakwe ukuvimbela ukudideka namanye amathuluzi.

Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuvinjelwe umshini wokusebenza ukuthi ungathintani nezinsimbi ezinamaphoyinti aphansi ancibilika ukuze ugweme ukucwiliswa kwezinsimbi ezingazinzile okubangelwa ukwanda kwekhabhoni noma isulfure. Ukusetshenziswa kukashoki we-thermometer, uyinki, namafutha kufanele futhi kube nomkhawulo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Isondo lokugaya elisetshenziselwa ukugaya i-workpiece kufanele lingabi nensimbi, futhi okunamathelayo akufanele kube yi-organic resin.

Ukuma kwemishini yezingxenye zokushisela ingcindezi ngaphambi kokushisela kufanele kwenziwe kusetshenziswa inqubo efanayo neyokushisela okusemthethweni okufanelekile, futhi i-weld yokumisa kufanele ekugcineni incibilikiswe ibe yi-weld unomphela. Izingxenye zokushisela azivunyelwe ukuphoqelelwa ukuba zihlangane ukuze kubangele ukuqina kwendawo kwezingxenye zokushisela.