izindaba zenkampani | I-LKALLOY

Izinto ezi-4 okufanele uziqaphele lapho ucubungula amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali

December 25, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha zokucubungula ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali?

Khetha izindlela ezifanele zokucubungula namathuluzi
1. Izindlela zokucubungula ezifanele kufanele zisetshenziswe lapho kucutshungulwa amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali, njengokusika, ukwakha, ukushisela, njll. Izindlela ezihlukene zokucubungula zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi ahlukene kanye nemishini, okufanele ikhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo ezithile.

2. Sebenzisa imimese ekhethekile yensimbi engagqwali futhi ungayixubi ukuze ugweme ukungcoliswa kwe-iron powder noma ukusheshisa ukuguga kwamathuluzi.

3. Khetha isipholile esifanele ukuze uqinisekise impilo yesevisi kanye nomthelela wokucubungula wethuluzi.

Qinisekisa ukuthi ingaphezulu lebhodi lihlanzekile ngaphambi kokucubungula
1. Ngaphambi kokucubungula, amafutha nothuli ebusweni bepuleti kufanele kuhlanzwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokucubungula.

2. Geza izimbobo ezincane ngaphambi kokusika noma ukubhoboza ukuze uvimbele ukudlidliza kwamathuluzi ekulimazeni indawo engaphezulu.

3. Ungalithinti ibhodi ngokuqondile ngezandla zakho ngesikhathi sokucubungula ukuze ugweme ukushiya izigxivizo zeminwe namabala.

Lawula izinga lokushisa lokucubungula
1. Izinga lokushisa lokucubungula lamapuleti ensimbi engagqwali kufanele lilawulwe libe ngaphansi kuka-400°C. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lingase libangele ukuwohloka kwepuleti, i-oxidation, i-annealing, nezinye izinkinga.

2. Ijubane lokusika lamapuleti ensimbi engagqwali kufanele libe maphakathi ukuze kugwenywe ubunzima bokucubungula uma kuhamba kancane, futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokusika uma kushesha kakhulu.

Qinisekisa ikhwalithi yendawo ngemuva kokucubungula
1. Hlanza amabala kawoyela nesikali se-oxide ebusweni bepuleti ngokushesha ngemva kokucubungula ukuze uqinisekise ukuqedwa kwendawo kanye nokunqanda ukugqwala.

2. Kumapuleti adinga ukwelashwa okungaphezulu, njengokupholisha, ukudlula, njll., kufanele enziwe ngaphambi kokucubungula ukugwema ukuthinta ikhwalithi yokucubungula.

3. Lapho ucubungula amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kukhwalithi ephezulu ngemuva kokucubungula, futhi imihuzuko noma amazinyo kufanele acutshungulwe ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yokubukeka.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo okufanele kusetshenziswe izinto ezingama-316?

December 19, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Njengoba sonke sazi, i-304 insimbi engagqwali ingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zensimbi engagqwali emakethe. Abanye abantu bangase babuze: Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo okumelwe sikhethe ukusebenzisa I-316 insimbi engagqwali esikhundleni se-304 insimbi engagqwali? Abakhiqizi bamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali bafingqa lezi zimo ezine ezilandelayo:

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo okufanele kusetshenziswe izinto ezingama-316?

1. Izindawo ezisogwini kanye nemboni yokwakha imikhumbi: Ngenxa yokuthi ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinezindawo ezinomswakama uma kuqhathaniswa nezinosawoti omningi, insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ijwayele ukugqwala. Njengoba insimbi engagqwali engu-316 iqukethe i-molybdenum engaphezu kuka-2%, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala nokumelana ne-oxidation ezindaweni zasolwandle kungcono kakhulu kunensimbi engagqwali engama-304.

2. Imboni yezokwelapha: Ngoba I-304 insimbi engagqwali ingafinyelela izinga lokudla, kuyilapho i-316 insimbi engagqwali ingafinyelela ebangeni lezokwelapha futhi isetshenziswa kumathuluzi ezokwelapha njengama-scalpels, amashubhu oksijini, njll., iyinsimbi engenasici ephephile.
3. Imboni yamakhemikhali: 316 insimbi engagqwali inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqoka, nokusebenza kahle kokucubungula. Lezi zinzuzo zingahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi eziqinile zemishini yamakhemikhali ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okwenza ukuthi isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni imishini yamakhemikhali nemishini. Ekukhiqizeni.

4. Izimboni ezidinga ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu: I-316 insimbi engagqwali ingakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu ukusuka ku-1200 degrees kuya ku-1300 degrees, futhi ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ze-jet injini, izingxenye zomlilo, izishintshi zokushisa, ama-tube evaporators, njll.

Ngenjwayelo, 316 impahla yensimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ezimweni ezinzima ezihlukahlukene ukuze kufakwe amapayipi ensimbi engagqwali angu-304 ngenxa yokumelana kwawo nokugqwala okuhle. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngolwazi lwensimbi engagqwali, sicela ukhululeke ukusishayela!

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic kufanele futhi inake: ukuqina komsebenzi obandayo, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lokuguga embrittlement.

December 14, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nokugqwala kwe-intergranular kanye nezinkinga zokuqhekeka kwe-corrosion insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.

Ukuhlolwa kokuthambekela kokugqwala kwe-intergranular kwensimbi engagqwali okuqukethwe okuvamile kumadokhumenti okuklama, futhi okuqukethwe okufanelekile kumazinga afana ne-HG/T 20581 nakho kucacile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic noma okuqukethwe kwe-ion ye-chloride endaweni yokusebenza nakho kuwukukhathazeka okuyisisekelo lapho uklama imishini yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic. Ngokungeziwe kuma-ion e-chloride, i-hydrogen sulfide emanzi, i-polythionic acid, nezinye izindawo ezingase zikhiqize ama-sulfide nazo zingabangela ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.

Kuyafaneleka ukusho ukuthi nakuba insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ingashiwongo esahlukweni sokugqwala kwe-hydrogen sulfide emanzi ku-HG/T 20581, izincwadi zokubhekisela zikhomba ukuthi i-austenitic stainless steel inamandla amakhulu kakhulu okuncibilikisa i-athomu ye-athomu kunensimbi ye-ferritic. , kodwa i-hydrogen-induced wet hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion cracking isazokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuba ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se-deformation martensitic kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqina komsebenzi obandayo.

Ukuqina komsebenzi obandayo kukhulisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwengcindezi

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokusebenza ezibandayo, kodwa ukuqina kwayo komsebenzi kusobala kakhulu. Uma izinga le-deformation yokusebenza elibandayo lilikhulu, ubulukhuni buyanda. Ukwanda kokuqina ngenxa yokuqina komsebenzi nakho kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi ezinsimbini ezingenasici, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezinsimbini kunezinsimbi.

Kukhona ezinye izimo ngezansi:

Uhlobo lokuqala lwecala lungemuva insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ukuphotha okubandayo ukuze kucutshungulwe ikhanda elimise okwe-elliptical noma i-disc, ukuwohloka okubandayo endaweni yoguquko kukhulu, futhi ubulukhuni bufinyelela phezulu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, ukubola kwe-chloride ion stress corrosion kwenzeka endaweni yenguquko, okubangele ukuvuza kwemishini.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwekesi ijoyinti lokunwebeka elimise okuka-U elenziwe i-hydroforming ngemva kokugingqa amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali. I-deformation ebandayo inkulu kunawo wonke endaweni yamagagasi, futhi ukuqina nakho kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka okukhulu kwenzeka eduze kwe-wave crest, futhi imifantu iyenzeka eduze kwendilinga yamagagasi. Ingozi yokuqhuma ehilela ukuphuka okunokucindezeleka okuncane.

Uhlobo lwesithathu lwecala ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi kwamashubhu okushintshanisa ukushisa kukathayela. Amashubhu okushintshana ngothayela abanda akhishwa kumashubhu ensimbi engenamthungo. Ama-crests kanye nama-troughs angaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa kanye nokuncipha. Ama-crests nama-troughs angabangela imifantu eminingi yokugqwala kwengcindezi.

Ingqikithi yomsebenzi obandayo wokuqina kwe-austenitic stainless steel isizukulwane se-deformation martensite. Lapho kukhulu ukusebenza okubandayo, i-deformation martensite ikhiqizwa kakhulu futhi ikhulisa ubulukhuni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwempahla nakho kukhulu. uma ukwelashwa kokushisa kwesisombululo esiqinile kwenziwa ngemuva kokucubungula nokwenza, ubulukhuni bungancishiswa futhi ukucindezeleka okusele kungancishiswa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo se-martensite singabuye siqedwe, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kokucindezeleka.

Izinkinga ze-embrittlement ezibangelwa isevisi yesikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu

Njengamanje, insimbi ye-Cr-Mo enamandla aphezulu okushisa yiyona nto eyinhloko yeziqukathi namapayipi emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-400 no-500 ° C, kuyilapho ahlukahlukene. izinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic zisetshenziswa kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-500 no-600°C noma ngisho no-700°C. Ekwakhiweni, abantu bavame ukunaka kakhulu amandla ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu e-austenitic stainless steel futhi badinga ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo kwekhabhoni kungabi phansi kakhulu. Ukucindezeleka okuvumelekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kutholakala ngokukhipha ukuhlolwa kwamandla okukhuthazela okuphezulu, okungaqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukuphuka kwe-creep kuzokwenzeka phakathi namahora angu-100,000 wesevisi ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuklama.

Kodwa-ke, inkinga ye-age embrittlement yensimbi engenasici ye-austenitic emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ayikwazi ukunakwa. Ngemuva kwenkonzo yesikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-austenitic stainless steel izobhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko zesakhiwo, ezizothinta kakhulu uchungechunge lwezakhiwo zemishini yensimbi, ikakhulukazi i-brittleness Yanda kakhulu futhi ukuqina kwehle kakhulu.

Inkinga ye-embrittlement ngemva kwenkonzo yesikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngokuvamile ibangelwa izici ezimbili, enye ukwakheka kwe-carbides, kanti enye ukwakheka kwesigaba sika-σ. Isigaba se-carbide kanye nesigaba sika-σ siyaqhubeka nokuncipha eduze kwekristalu ngemva kokuba izinto zisebenze isikhathi eside futhi zakha izigaba eziqhubekayo ze-brittle emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, engabangela kalula ukuphuka kwe-intergranular.

Ububanzi bokushisa bokubunjwa besigaba se-σ (inhlanganisela ye-Cr-Fe intermetallic) cishe bungama-600 kuya ku-980°C, kodwa izinga lokushisa elithile lihlobene nokwakheka kwengxubevange. Umphumela wemvula yesigaba sika-σ ukuthi amandla ensimbi ye-austenitic anda kakhulu (amandla angase aphindwe kabili), futhi iba nzima futhi ibe brittle. I-chromium ephezulu iyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwakheka kwesigaba sezinga lokushisa eliphezulu esingu-σ. I-Mo, V, Ti, Nb, njll. izakhi ze-alloy ezikhuthaza kakhulu ukwakheka kwesigaba sika-σ.

Izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwe-carbide (Cr23C6) lingaphakathi izinga lokushisa lokuzwela le-austenitic stainless steel, okungu-400~850 ℃. I-Cr23C6 izoncibilika ngaphezu komkhawulo ophezulu wezinga lokushisa lokuzwela, kodwa i-Cr ehlakaziwe izothuthukisa ukwakheka okuqhubekayo kwesigaba sika-σ.

Ngakho-ke, lapho insimbi ye-austenitic isetshenziswa njengensimbi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ukuqonda nokuvimbela ukuguga okuphakeme lokushisa kufanele kuqiniswe. Njengokuqapha kwensimbi ezitshalweni zamandla ashisayo, ukwakheka kwe-metallographic nobulukhuni kungahlolwa njalo. Uma kunesidingo, amasampula angathathwa ukuze kuhlolwe i-metallographic nobulukhuni, futhi ngisho nezakhiwo zemishini ezibanzi nokuhlolwa kwamandla okuhlala isikhathi eside kungenziwa.

Ukubambisana okujabulisayo namakhasimende asePoland, sibheke phambili ekusebenzeni ndawonye futhi

December 6, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Ekubambisaneni kwethu kokuqala nekhasimende lasePoland, ikhasimende layala 15-5 PH IBHA. Siphatha wonke amakhasimende ngokunakekela, sinikeza isevisi enhle ngemva kokuthengisa, futhi silawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.

Uyazi ukubaluleka kokushisa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokushisela nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela?

December 1, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Ukubaluleka kokushisa ngaphambi kokushisela kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kwe-weld

Preheat ngaphambi kokushisela

Ukushisa ngaphambi kokushisa nokushisa ngemuva kokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ye-welding. Ukushiselwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile, ukushiselwa kwensimbi ye-alloy kanye nokushiselwa kwezingxenye eziwugqinsi konke kudinga ukushisa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokushisela. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yokushisa ngaphambi kokushisela imi kanje:

(1) Ukushisa ngaphambili kunganciphisa izinga lokupholisa ngemva kokushisela, kusize ukuphuma kwe-hydrogen esabalalise insimbi yokushisela, futhi kugweme imifantu ebangelwa i-hydrogen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphinde inciphise izinga lokuqina le-weld kanye nendawo ethintekayo ekushiseni futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokuqhekeka kwejoyinti elishiselwe.

(2) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisela. Ukushisa kwasendaweni okulinganayo noma ukushisa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi jikelele kunganciphisa umehluko wezinga lokushisa (okubizwa nangokuthi i-temperature gradient) phakathi kwezinto zokusebenza ezizoshiselwa endaweni yokushisela. Ngale ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kuyancishiswa, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokucindezeleka kwe-welding liyancishiswa, okuwusizo ukugwema imifantu yokushisela.

(3) Ukushisa kuqala kunganciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwezakhiwo ezishiselwe, ikakhulukazi emajoyini ekhoneni. Njengoba izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa likhuphuka, izinga lokuqhekeka liyancipha.

Ukukhethwa kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa kanye nokushisa kwe-interlayer akuhlobene kuphela nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi nenduku yokushisela, kodwa futhi kuhlobene nokuqina kwesakhiwo sokushisela, indlela yokushisela, izinga lokushisa elizungezile, njll., futhi kufanele kunqunywe ngemva kokucatshangelwa okuphelele zalezi zici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufana kokushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa endaweni yokuqina kwepuleti lensimbi kanye nokufana endaweni ye-weld kunomthelela obalulekile ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kwe-welding. Ububanzi be-preheating yendawo kufanele bunqunywe ngokusho kwesimo sokuvimbela i-workpiece okufanele ihlanganiswe. Ngokuvamile, kufanele kube ukujiya kodonga oluphindwe kathathu endaweni yokushisela, futhi akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-150-200 mm. Uma i-preheating ingalingani, esikhundleni sokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding, kuzokwandisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding.

Ukwelashwa kwe-post weld ukushisa

Inhloso yokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld iphindwe kathathu: susa i-hydrogen, susa ukucindezeleka kokushisela, futhi uthuthukise isakhiwo se-weld nokusebenza okuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kokuqeda i-hydrogen ngemuva kokushisela kubhekisela ekushiseni okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa okwenziwa ngemva kokuqedwa kokushisela futhi i-weld ayikapholi ibe ngaphansi kuka-100°C. Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile ukushisa ku-200 ~ 350 ℃ futhi kugcinwe kufudumele amahora angu-2-6. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokwelashwa kwe-post-weld hydrogen ukuqeda ukusheshisa ukuphuma kwe-hydrogen endaweni ethinteke kakhulu ekushiseleni nasekushiseleni, futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni imifantu yokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela insimbi ene-alloy ephansi.

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, ngenxa yokushisa okungalingani nokupholisa, kanye nezingqinamba noma izithiyo zangaphandle zengxenye ngokwayo, ukucindezeleka kwe-welding kuzohlala kukhiqizwa engxenyeni ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi wokushisela. Ukuba khona kokucindezeleka kwe-welding ezingxenyeni kuzonciphisa umthamo wangempela wokuthwala umthwalo wendawo ehlangene ehlanganisiwe futhi kubangele ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kuzophinde kubangele ukulimala engxenyeni.

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokunciphisa ingcindezi kungukunciphisa amandla okukhiqiza we-workpiece eshiselwe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kufezwe injongo yokuphumuza ingcindezi yokushisela. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa: eyodwa ukushisisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, okungukuthi, ukubeka yonke into yokushisela esithandweni sokushisa, ukuyishisisa kancane kancane iye ezingeni lokushisa elithile, bese uyigcina ifudumele isikhathi esithile, futhi ekugcineni uyipholise. emoyeni noma esithandweni. Le ndlela ingaqeda i-80% -90% yokucindezeleka kokushisela. Enye indlela ukufudumala kwendawo yokushisa ephezulu, okungukuthi, ukushisa kuphela i-weld kanye nendawo ezungezile, bese uyipholisa kancane kancane ukuze unciphise inani eliphakeme lokucindezeleka kokushisela futhi wenze ukusabalalisa ukucindezeleka kube mnene, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ukucindezeleka kokushisela.

Ngemuva kokushiswa kwezinye izinto zensimbi ye-alloy, amalunga ahlanganisiwe azoba nezakhiwo eziqinile, ezizolimaza izakhiwo zemishini yezinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo esiqinile singabangela ukulimala okuhlangene ngaphansi kwesenzo sokucindezeleka kwe-welding kanye ne-hydrogen. Uma ngemva kokwelashwa kokushisa, isakhiwo se-metallographic sokuhlangana siyathuthukiswa, ipulasitiki kanye nokuqina kokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe kuyathuthukiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo eziphelele zemishini yokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe.

Ukwelapha ukushisa kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, lezi zindaba ezibalulekile kufanele zicaciswe!

November 28, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic, njengoba negama layo lisho, inesakhiwo se-austenite. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba umsebenzi obalulekile we-austenitic insimbi engagqwali ukumelana nokugqwala. Uma ukwelashwa kokushisa kungalungile, ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuzoncishiswa kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sikutshela kakhulu ngakho. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwezinsimbi ezingenasici ze-austenitic.

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic iyinsimbi evamile engagqwali (18-8 steel). Isibonelo, i-tableware eminingi ekhishini yenziwe nge-austenitic stainless steel. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic, njengoba negama layo lisho, inesakhiwo se-austenite. Ayinazibuthe futhi ayinakho ukuqina.

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic inokumelana nokugqwala okuqinile ezindaweni ezikhiqiza i-oxidizing. Indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-oxidizing ingaqondwa kalula njengendawo equkethe umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic inokuqina okuhle futhi kulula ukuyicubungula futhi yakheke, ngakho inokusetshenziswa okubanzi.
Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinhloso zokumelana nokugqwala, futhi ukwelashwa kokushisa kunomthelela omkhulu kuyo. Ukumelana nokugqwala nokumelana ne-asidi yensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ikakhulukazi kuncike ekudluleleni phezulu. Uma i-surface passivation ingakwazi ukugcinwa, izogqwala.

Ngakho-ke, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ayiyona ibala eliphelele, ilungele kuphela izindawo ezine-oxidizing kanye nezindawo ezine-acidic. Ayinakho ukumelana okuqinile kuma-ion akhethekile. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ikakhulukazi kuthinta ikhono lokudlula lesendlalelo esingaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo kokugqwala.

Ijika le-304 lensimbi engenasici, indawo ye-anode passivation ivela

Ukugqwala okufanayo kuyinto evamile kakhulu yokugqwala, futhi ukugqwala okufanayo kuncike ekusabalaliseni okufanayo kwama-elementi e-chromium. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kuthinta ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto ze-chromium, okuthinta ngokwemvelo ukumelana nokugqwala okufanayo kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic.

Ukugqwala kwe-Intergranular nakho kungenye yezakhiwo ezibalulekile zokugqwala zokuhlola insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic. Ngokuvamile, uma i-austenitic stainless steel izwela futhi inani elikhulu lama-carbides afana nobuhlalu likhuphuka emingceleni yokusanhlamvu, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-intergranular corrosion kuzoncipha kakhulu.

Uma insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic izwela, ukugqwala okukhulu kwe-intergranular kuzokwenzeka ngisho nasendaweni ejwayelekile kakhulu ye-electrochemical.

Ukuqhekeka kwe-stress corrosion imodi yokwehluleka evame kakhulu ye-austenitic stainless steel. Wonke umuntu kufanele aqaphele ukuthi ukuqhekeka kwe-corrosion kuncike ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Okokuqala, kufanele kube nokucindezeleka, okungase kusetshenziswe ukucindezeleka noma ukucindezeleka okusalayo;

Okwesibili, ama-ion azwela ukubola kwengcindezi, njengama-halogen ion, ikakhulukazi ama-chloride ion, yiwo avame kakhulu.

Lapho kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ikhono layo lokumelana nokucindezeleka ngokuvamile alisetshenziswa, ngakho-ke ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ekucindezelekeni okusalayo ngoba endaweni equkethe i-chloride ion, ukucindezeleka okusele kuzobangela ukuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezi. Indlela yokususa ingcindezi eyinsalela ukuqeda ingcindezi.

I-pitting corrosion iyindlela esabekayo kakhulu yokugqwala. Kuthiwa iwukugqwala okwesabisa kakhulu, futhi kufaneleka kakhulu ukusebenzisa isisho sasendulo ukuze sichaze le nkinga: “Ichweba elingamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane liwela esidlekeni sentuthwane.”

Kunezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukugqwala kwe-pitting kwenzeka:

Okokuqala, uma ukwakheka kwezinto kungalingani, njengokuzwela, insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ijwayele ukugqwala umgodi;

Okwesibili, ukugcwala kwemithombo yezindaba elimaza imvelo ayilingani, okuphinde kube yimbangela yokugqwala komgodi.

Uma ukugqwala kwe-pitting sekwenzekile, ungqimba lwefilimu yasendaweni luzobhujiswa, futhi kuzoba nokuncintisana phakathi kwezifunda ezisebenzayo kanye ne-passivation. Uma i-passivation ingenzeki, ukugqwala kwe-pitting kuzoqhubeka kuze kube yilapho ingxenye ibhobozwa.

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Austenitic ayinakho iphuzu lokuguqulwa kwesigaba esiqinile ekamelweni lokushisa kuya kuzinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Inhloso eyinhloko yokwelashwa kokushisa ukuncibilikisa ama-carbides akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula ku-matrix, ngaleyo ndlela enze ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi ze-alloy kufane kakhulu.

Ukushisisa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kuncibilike ama-carbides ku-matrix, bese kupholiswa ngokushesha kuzinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi. Phakathi nale nqubo, i-austenitic insimbi engagqwali ngeke ibe lukhuni ngoba akukho ukuguqulwa kwesigaba futhi isimo se-austenitic sizohlala ekamelweni lokushisa. Le nqubo Ibizwa nge-solid solution treatment.

Ekwelashweni kwesixazululo esiqinile, inhloso yokupholisa ngokushesha iwukwenza kuphela ukusatshalaliswa kwama-athomu ekhabhoni kanye nezakhi ze-alloying kufane.

Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwesixazululo esiqinile sensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, uma izinga lokupholisa lihamba kancane kakhulu, njengoba izinga lokushisa lehla, ukuncibilika kwama-athomu ekhabhoni ku-matrix kuncipha, futhi ama-carbides azogaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-athomu e-carbon kulula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa ne-chromium ukuze akhe i-M23C6 carbides, esatshalaliswa emingceleni yokusanhlamvu. Ukuncipha kwe-Chromium kwenzeka emingceleni yokusanhlamvu futhi ukuzwela kwenzeka.

Ngemva kokuzwela kwenzeka ku insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, kufanele ishiselwe ngaphezu kuka-850ºC. Ama-carbides azoncibilika abe yisixazululo esiqinile, bese ukupholisa ngokushesha kungaxazulula inkinga yokuzwela.

Izinto okufanele uziqaphele lapho ugoba amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali

November 21, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Izinto okufanele uziqaphele lapho ugoba amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali

1. Ukuqina kwepuleti lensimbi engagqwali, kuba namandla okugoba adingekayo. Njengoba ubukhulu bepuleti bukhula, amandla okugoba kufanele alungiswe ngokufanele lapho kulungiswa umshini wokugoba.

2. Ngosayizi weyunithi, mkhulu amandla aqinile wepuleti lensimbi engagqwali, ukunwebeka kuncane, namandla okugoba adingekayo kanye ne-engeli yokugoba nakho kufanele kube kukhulu.

3. Ubukhulu bepuleti lensimbi engagqwali emdwebeni wokuklama buhambisana nerediyasi egobayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi usayizi othuthukisiwe womkhiqizo ogobile uwuhlangothi olubheke kwesokudla ususa isamba sogqinsi bamapuleti amabili, ahlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba komklamo.

4. Lapho isivuno samandla ensimbi engagqwali siphezulu, kuqina ukululama nokunwebeka. Ukuze uzuze i-engeli engu-90° esigabeni esigobile, i-engeli edingekayo yethebhulethi kufanele yehliswe.

5. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbon steel, insimbi engagqwali enobukhulu obufanayo inama-engeli amakhulu okugoba futhi idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuqhekeka okugoba kuzokwenzeka futhi kuthinte amandla ocezu lokusebenza.
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Ungawenza kanjani umsebenzi omuhle we-seamless steel pipe insulation?

November 15, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Umsebenzi wokufaka amapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo uvame kakhulu ohlelweni lwesiqandisi kuphrojekthi, ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle walo msebenzi kungavikela kangcono umsebenzi ojwayelekile wemishini yesiqandisi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwesistimu. Ngakho-ke yimiphi imininingwane okufanele iphawulwe esiqandisini ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo iphrojekthi ye-insulation?

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela iphrojekthi yokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo uhlanganisa:

1. Ekulungiseni impahla Thenga izinto zokufakelwa ezihlangabezana nezidingo, njengepayipi lensimbi yokufaka i-polyurethane, i-insulation elbow tee, nezinye izinsimbi zamapayipi, ama-valve, njalonjalo.

2. Ukulungiswa kwethuluzi Kudingeka ukulungiselela ukunikezwa kwamandla, umshini wokushisela, amathuluzi okulinganisa ukushuba kokufakwa, njll.

3. Ukulungiswa kwendawo yokwakha, okuhlanganisa nokuhlanza indawo yokwakha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo yokwakha ihlanzekile futhi icocekile, ukugwema imiphumela emibi ekwakhiweni kwe-insulation.

Iphrojekthi yokufaka ipayipi yensimbi engenamthungo ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuphakamisa ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo. Kudingeka ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela sesayithi, ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuphakamisa ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo, ukuze izisebenzi zokushisela eqenjini le-welding zizoba lula kakhulu.

2. Welding of insulation steel pipe. Ngaphambi kokushisela, kufanele siqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi ipayipi idinga ukuba i-ultrasonic, ukutholwa kwamaphutha, njll. Uma ingekho inqubo ye-welding ye-ultrasonic nephutha izoba lula kakhulu, kodwa uma kudingekile ukuze kutholwe i-ultrasonic noma amaphutha, kuyadingeka futhi. ukufaka ipayipi le-sub-arc welding priming.

Esiqandisini kulo lonke ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo I-insulation insulation project, udaba lokuphepha lubalulekile. Abasebenzi bezokwakha kumele bagqoke izigqoko zokuzivikela kanye nezinye izinto ngokwezidingo, futhi benze umsebenzi omuhle wezinyathelo zokuzivikela, ngokuya ngemininingwane yokusebenza efanele ukuze kusetshenziswe. Futhi ukuba njalo esimweni se-insulation layer kanye ne-insulation layer yokuhlola yonke indawo, ukuze kugcinwe futhi kulungiswe ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuze uhlelo lwefriji lufinyelele umjikelezo omude wokusebenza.

hot-iphuma nekhono ipayipi lensimbi inqubo

Kungakanani okwaziyo ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo?

November 13, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Kazi nina balandeli begolide nazi kangakanani ngamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo? Ipayipi lensimbi elingenamthungo liyinsimbi eyisikwele, eyisikwele, noma engunxande enengxenye eyisiphambano engenalutho futhi ayinamithungo elizungezile. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo zenziwa ngezinsimbi zensimbi noma izimbobo zamashubhu aqinile ezibhobozwa zibe amashubhu e-capillary, bese zigoqwa zishise, zigoqwe ngokubanda, noma zidonswe ngokubanda. Amapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo aneziphambano ezingenalutho futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi njengamapayipi okuthutha uketshezi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zensimbi eziqinile njengensimbi eyindilinga, amapayipi ensimbi alula ngesisindo lapho ukugoba namandla okugoqa kufana. Ziyinsimbi eyongayo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ezakhiweni zokukhiqiza. izingxenye kanye nezingxenye zemishini, njenge-steel scaffolding yokubhoboza uwoyela, njll.

Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo kunomlando cishe weminyaka eyi-100.
Abazalwane baseJalimane bakwaMannesmann baqala ukusungula umshini wokubhoboza onama-roller-rolling cross-rolling ngo-1885, kwathi ngo-1891 umshini wokuzulazula wamapayipi angama-cycle. Ngo-1903, u-RC Stiefel waseSwitzerland wasungula umshini wokugoqa wamapayipi ozishintshayo (obuye ubizwe ngokuthi umshini wokugoqa ophezulu). umshini wamapayipi), futhi kamuva kwavela imishini ehlukahlukene yokwelula efana nemishini eqhubekayo yokugingqa amapayipi nemishini yokudonsa amapayipi, futhi kwaqala ukwakha imboni yesimanje yamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo.

Ngeminyaka yawo-1930, izinhlobonhlobo kanye nekhwalithi yamapayipi ensimbi kwathuthukiswa ngenxa yokwamukelwa kwemishini yokugingqa yamapayipi angama-roll amathathu, ama-extruder, kanye nemishini yamapayipi agingqika abandayo ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngeminyaka yawo-1960, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwemishini eqhubekayo yokugoqa amapayipi kanye nokuvela kwemishini yokubhoboza enama-roll amathathu, ikakhulukazi impumelelo yokusetshenziswa kwezinciphisi zokungezwani kanye namabhilidi asakazayo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwaba ngcono kanye nekhono lamapayipi angenamthungo ukuze aqhudelane namapayipi ashiselwe. kwathuthukiswa. Ngeminyaka yawo-1970, amapayipi angenamthungo namapayipi ashiselwe ayehambisana, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamapayipi ensimbi emhlabeni wonke kwakukhula ngezinga elingaphezu kuka-5% ngonyaka.
Ngemuva kuka-1953, iShayina yanamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo futhi yaqale yakha uhlelo lokukhiqiza lokugingqa amapayipi ahlukahlukene amakhulu, aphakathi nendawo namancane. Amapayipi ethusi nawo ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-ingot cross-rolling kanye nokubhoboza, ukugingqika komshini wokugoqa amapayipi, kanye nezinqubo zokudweba ikhoyili.

Ukusetshenziswa nokuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo
Inhloso: Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo liyinsimbi eyongayo enezigaba ezihlukene edlala indima ebalulekile emnothweni kazwelonke futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-petroleum, imboni yamakhemikhali, ama-boilers, iziteshi zikagesi, imikhumbi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, izimoto, izindiza, i-aerospace, amandla, i-geology. , ukwakhiwa kanye nemikhakha ehlukahlukene efana nezimboni zezempi.

Ukwahlukanisa:
① Ngokusho komumo wesigaba esiphambanayo: ipayipi lesigaba esiyisiyingi, ipayipi lesigaba esikhethekile

②Ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo: ipayipi lensimbi ye-carbon, ipayipi lensimbi ye-alloy, ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali, ipayipi eliyinhlanganisela

③ Ngokwendlela yokuxhuma: ipayipi lokuxhumana elinentambo, ipayipi elishiselwe

④Ngokwendlela yokukhiqiza: amapayipi agoqelwe ashisayo (akhishiwe, ngaphezulu, anwetshiwe), amapayipi agoqelwe ngokubandayo (adonswe)

⑤Ngokusetshenziswa: amapayipi obhayela, amapayipi omthombo kawoyela, amapayipi, amapayipi esakhiwo, amapayipi kamanyolo…

Inqubo yokukhiqiza ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo
① Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo agingqiwe ashisayo (izinqubo zokuhlola ezinkulu):

Ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa kwezikhala zamashubhu → Ukushisisa kwezikhala zamashubhu → Ukubhobozwa → ukugoqeka kwamapayipi → Ukushisisa kabusha kwamapayipi emfucumfucu → ukunquma (ukunciphisa) ububanzi → Ukwelashwa kokushisa → Ukuqondisa amapayipi aphelile → Ukuqeda → Ukuhlola (okungonakalisi, ngokomzimba namakhemikhali, ukuhlolwa kwaseTaiwan ) → indawo yokugcina impahla

②Izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinhloko zamapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo (adonswe) abandayo

Ukulungiselela okungenalutho→ukukha kanye nokugcoba→ukugoqa okubandayo (umdwebo)→ukwelapha ukushisa→ukuqondisa→ukuqeda→ukuhlola

Ishadi lokugeleza kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yepayipi lensimbi engenamthungo eligoqelwe ngokushisayo limi kanje:

Izici zephrofayili ye-titanium aluminium alloy kanye nobuchwepheshe babo bokucubungula

November 7, 2023/in izindaba zenkampani /by ingxubevange

Amaphrofayili e-aluminium-titanium alloy engeza izakhi ze-alloy ku-titanium ehlanzekile yezimboni ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla e-titanium. Ama-alloys e-Titanium zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: ingxubevange ye-titanium, ingxubevange ye-titanium b, kanye nengxube ye-titanium a+b. Ingxubevange ye-ab titanium yakhiwa izigaba ezimbili ezi-a kanye ne-b. Lolu hlobo lwe-alloy lunesakhiwo esizinzile, ukusebenza kahle kwe-deformation ephezulu yokushisa, ukuqina, kanye nepulasitiki. Ingacinywa futhi iguge ukuqinisa i-alloy.

Izici zokusebenza ze-titanium alloy ziboniswa ikakhulukazi ku:

1) Amandla athile aphezulu. Amaphrofayili e-aluminium-titanium alloy anobukhulu obuphansi (4.4kg/dm3) futhi anesisindo esilula, kodwa amandla awo athile makhulu kune-ultra-high-strength.

2) Amandla aphezulu okushisa. Amaphrofayili e-aluminium-titanium alloy anokuqina okuhle kokushisayo, futhi amandla awo aphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunalawo ama-alloys e-aluminium ku-300 kuya ku-500°C.

I-3) Umsebenzi wamakhemikhali aphezulu. I-Titanium ingakhiqiza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okunamandla nge-oxygen, i-nitrogen, i-carbon monoxide, umhwamuko wamanzi, nezinye izinto ezisemoyeni, yenze izendlalelo eziqinile ze-TiC ne-TiN ngaphezulu.

Ukungahambi kahle kwe-thermal. Ingxubevange ye-Titanium ine-thermal conductivity engalungile. I-thermal conductivity ye-titanium alloy TC4 ku-200℃ ingu-l=16.8W/m·℃, kanye ne-thermal conductivity ngu-0.036 cal/cm·s·℃.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezici zemishini yamaphrofayili e-aluminium-titanium alloy

Okokuqala, i-thermal conductivity ye-titanium alloy iphansi, i-1/4 kuphela yensimbi, i-1/13 ye-aluminium, ne-1/25 yethusi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuchithwa kokushisa endaweni yokusika kuhamba kancane, akuhambisani nebhalansi yokushisa. Phakathi nenqubo yokusika, ukuchithwa kokushisa nomphumela wokupholisa kubi kakhulu, futhi kulula ukwakha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu endaweni yokusika. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, izingxenye ziwohloka futhi ziphindaphindeke kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kwetorque yamathuluzi okusika kanye nokuguga onqenqemeni okusheshayo. Ukuqina kuncishisiwe. Okwesibili, i-thermal conductivity ye-titanium alloy iphansi, okwenza ukushisa okusika kuqoqe endaweni encane ezungeze ithuluzi lokusika futhi akulula ukuhlakazeka. Ukungqubuzana kobuso bereki kuyanda, okwenza kube nzima ukukhipha ama-chips. Ukushisa okusika akulula ukuhlakazeka, okusheshisa ukugqoka kwamathuluzi. Okokugcina, ingxubevange ye-titanium isebenza kakhulu kumakhemikhali futhi ijwayele ukusabela ngezinto zamathuluzi uma icutshungulwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, yenze okokunamathela kanye nokusabalalisa, okuholela ezimeni ezinjengokunamathela, ukushiswa, nokuphuka.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zamathuluzi kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezilandelayo:

Ubulukhuni obanele. Ukuqina kwethuluzi kumele kube kukhulu kakhulu kunobulukhuni be-aluminium-titanium alloy.

Amandla anele nokuqina. Njengoba ithuluzi lokusika lingaphansi kwe-torque enkulu namandla okusika lapho lisika i-aluminium-titanium alloy, kufanele libe namandla anele kanye nokuqina.

Ukumelana nokugqoka okwanele. Ngenxa yokuqina okuhle kwe-titanium alloy, unqenqema lokusika kufanele lube bukhali ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ngakho-ke impahla yamathuluzi kufanele ibe nokumelana okwanele kokugqoka ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina komsebenzi. Lena ipharamitha ebalulekile lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okusika okucubungula ama-titanium alloys.

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinto zamathuluzi nama-titanium alloys akulungile. Ngenxa ye umsebenzi wamakhemikhali aphezulu we-aluminium-titanium alloys, kuyadingeka ukuvimbela impahla yamathuluzi ekwenzeni i-alloy nge-aluminium-titanium alloys ngokuhlakaza nokusabalalisa, okubangela ukunamathela nokushiswa kwamathuluzi.
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