Indlela yokushisela ye-martensitic insimbi engagqwali kanye ne-duplex yensimbi engagqwali

1. Yiziphi martensitic insimbi engagqwali futhi insimbi engagqwali duplex?

I-microstructure i-martensitic ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingalungiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa. Ngokwemigomo ye-layman, kuwuhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali eqinile. Amabanga ensimbi okungeyensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic afaka i-1Cr13, 2Cr13, 3Cr13, 4Cr13, 3Cr13Mo, 1Cr17Ni2, 2Cr13Ni2, 9Cr18, 9Cr18MoV, njll.

2. Izindlela zokushisela ezivame ukusetshenziswa

I-Welding Martensitic insimbi engagqwali ingashiswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokushisela i-arc. Njengamanje, ukushisela i-electrode arc kuseyindlela eyinhloko, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-carbon dioxide gas-shielded welding noma i-argon kanye ne-carbon dioxide ehlanganisiwe yegesi evikelekile inganciphisa kakhulu okuqukethwe kwe-hydrogen ku-weld, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuzwela kwe-weld ukuqhekeka okubandayo.

3. Izinto ezivamile zokushisela

(1) Cr13 martensitic ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali nezintambo

Ngokuvamile, lapho i-weld inezidingo zamandla aphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-electrode yensimbi engenasici ye-Cr13 martensitic kanye nocingo kungenza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yokushisela kufane naleyo yensimbi eyisisekelo, kodwa i-weld inomkhuba omkhulu wokuqhekeka okubandayo.

Ukuqapha:

a. Ukushisa ngaphambi kokushisela kuyadingeka, futhi izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa akufanele lidlule ku-450 ° C ukuze kuvinjelwe i-embrittlement ku-475 ° C. Ngemuva kwe-welding, ukwelashwa kokushisa kwenziwa. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld ukupholisa ku-150-200 ° C, kugcine kufudumele amahora angu-2 ukuze zonke izingxenye ze-austenite ziguqulwe zibe i-martensite, bese ngokushesha zenza ukushisa okuphezulu, ukushisa ku-730-790 ° C. , bese kuba isikhathi sokubamba njalo ukujiya kwepuleti elingu-1mm kungu-10min, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2h, futhi ekugcineni kupholiswe umoya.

b. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka, okuqukethwe kwe-S no-P kuma-electrode nezintambo kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-0.015%, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-Si akufanele kube kukhulu kuno-0.3%. Ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-Si kukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-ferrite eyinhloko eqinile, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-plasticity yejoyinti. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kufanele kube ngaphansi kwalokhu kwensimbi eyisisekelo, okunganciphisa ukuqina.

(2) Cr-Ni austenitic insimbi engagqwali electrode kanye izintambo

I-Cr-Ni austenitic steel-type weld metal ine-plasticity enhle, engakhulula ukucindezeleka okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwe-martensitic endaweni ethinteke ukushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Cr-Ni austenitic insimbi engagqwali weld ine-solubility ephezulu ye-hydrogen, enganciphisa ukusakazeka kwe-hydrogen kusuka ensimbi ye-weld kuya endaweni ethinteke ukushisa futhi kuvimbele ngokuphumelelayo imifantu ebandayo, ngakho-ke ukushisa akudingekile. Kodwa-ke, amandla e-weld aphansi futhi awakwazi ukuthuthukiswa ngokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld.

4. Izinkinga zokushisela ezivamile

(1) ukushisela umfantu obandayo

Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium yensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, ukuqina kwayo kuba ngcono kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sangempela ngaphambi kwe-welding, i-welding izohlala ikhiqiza isakhiwo se-martensite endaweni eseduze nomthungo. Njengoba ukuthambekela kokuqina kwanda, ilunga liphinde lizwele kakhulu ekuqhekekeni okubandayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhona i-hydrogen, futhi insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic izophinde ikhiqize ukuqhekeka okulibaziseka okubangelwa i-hydrogen okuyingozi kakhulu.

isilinganiso:

I-1) Izinga lokupholisa lingancishiswa ngokusebenzisa i-welding current enamandla amakhulu omugqa kanye ne-welding current enkulu;

2) Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zensimbi, izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezingqimba lihlukile, ngokuvamile alikho ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa;

3) Phola kancane ku-150-200 ° C ngemva kokushisela, futhi wenze ukwelashwa kokushisa kwangemva kokushisela ukuze uqede ukucindezelwa kwensalela yokushisela, susa i-hydrogen ehlakazekile ekuhlanganyeleni, futhi uthuthukise ukwakheka nokusebenza kwelunga.

(2) Ukunciphisa indawo ethinteke ukushisa

Insimbi engagqwali ye-Martensitic, ikakhulukazi insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic enezinto eziphezulu zokwakha i-ferrite, inokuthambekela okukhulu kokukhula okusanhlamvu. Uma izinga lokupholisa lincane, ama-ferrite ama-coarse nama-carbides akhiqizwa kalula endaweni ethinteke ukushisa kwe-welding; lapho izinga lokupholisa liphezulu, indawo ethinteke ekushiseni izoba lukhuni futhi yakhe i-martensite eqinile. Lezi zakhiwo ezimahhadlahhadla zinciphisa ubupulasitiki kanye nokuqina kwendawo ethinteke ngokushisa eshiselwe yensimbi engenasici futhi ibangele ukufiphala.

isilinganiso:

1) Lawula izinga lokupholisa elifanelekile;

I-2) Khetha ukushisa kwangaphambi kokushisa ngokufanelekile, futhi ukushisa okushisa akufanele kudlule i-450 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho, amalunga angase ahlanganiswe ku-475 ° C uma evezwe emazingeni okushisa aphakeme isikhathi eside;

3) Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwezinto zokushisela ukulungisa ukwakheka kwe-weld ukugwema ukukhiqizwa kwe-ferrite eqinile ekushiseleni ngangokunokwenzeka.

5. Inqubo yokushisela

1) Ukushisa ngaphambi kokushisela

Ukushisa ngaphambi kwe-welding kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko sezobuchwepheshe ukuvimbela imifantu ebandayo. Uma ingxenye enkulu ye-C ingu-0.1% ~ 0.2%, izinga lokushisa langaphambi kokushisa lingu-200 ~ 260 ° C, futhi lingashiswa libe ngu-400 ~ 450 ° C ukuze uthole ukushisela okuqinile.

2) Ukupholisa ngemva kokushisela

Ngemuva kwe-welding, i-weldment akufanele ifakwe ngokuqondile ekushiseni kwe-welding, ngoba i-austenite ingase ingaguquki ngokuphelele ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela. Uma izinga lokushisa likhushulwa futhi liba ngcono ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela, ama-carbides azokwehla emngceleni wokusanhlamvu we-austenite futhi i-austenite Transformation to pearlite ikhiqiza isakhiwo esimahhadla-grained esinciphisa kakhulu ukuqina. Ngakho-ke, i-weldment kufanele ipholile ngaphambi kokushisa, ukuze i-austenite endaweni ye-weld kanye nendawo ethintekile ukushisa ibole ngokuyisisekelo. Kumashisela anokuqina okuphansi, kungapholiswa kumazinga okushisa asekamelweni bese kuncishiswa; kuma-weldments anobukhulu obukhulu, inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi iyadingeka; Ngemva kokushisela, kuphole ku-100-150 ° C, gcina ukushisa kwe-0.5-1h, bese ushisa ekushiseni okupholile.

I-3) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld

Inhloso ukunciphisa ubulukhuni be-weld kanye nendawo ethintekile ukushisa, ukuthuthukisa i-plasticity nokuqina, nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwe-welding residual ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld kuhlukaniswe ukuthulisa nokuqeda ngokuphelele. Izinga lokushisa elipholile lingu-650-750 ° C, libambe ihora elingu-1, futhi lipholile umoya; uma i-weldment idinga ukwenziwa ngomshini ngemuva kokushisela, ukuze uthole ubulukhuni obuphansi kakhulu, i-annealing ephelele ingasetshenziswa. Izinga lokushisa le-anneal liyi-830-880 ° C, futhi ukugcinwa kokushisa amahora ama-2. Bese kuba nomoya opholile.

4) Ukukhethwa kwenduku yokushisela

Ama-Electrode okushisela insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic ahlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali e-chromium kanye nama-electrode ensimbi engenasici e-chrome-nickel austenitic. Ama-electrode ensimbi engagqwali e-chromium asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-E1-13-16 (G202), kanye ne-E1-13-15 (G207); ama-electrode ensimbi engenasici esetshenziswa ngokuvamile e-chromium-nickel austenitic yi-E0-19-10-16 (A102), E0-19-10-15 (A107), E0-18-12Mo2-16 (A202), E0-18-12Mo2-15 (A207), njll.

Welding of duplex insimbi engagqwali

1. Ukushisela kwensimbi engagqwali eyi-duplex

Ukushisela kwe insimbi engagqwali duplex ihlanganisa izinzuzo zensimbi ye-austenitic nensimbi ye-ferritic futhi inciphisa ukushiyeka kwayo.

(1) Ukuzwela emifantwini eshisayo kuncane kakhulu kunokwensimbi ye-austenitic;

(2) Ukuzwela emifantwini ebandayo kuncane kakhulu kunokwensimbi evamile ene-alloy high-strength;

(3) Ngemva kokuba indawo ethinteke ukushisa sele ipholile, i-ferrite eningi ihlale igcinwa, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulisa ukuthambekela kokugqwala kanye nokuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen-induced (brittleness);

(4) Amajoyinti ashiselwe insimbi engagqwali eyi-Duplex angase aqhubekisele phambili u-δ ukugqama kwesigaba. δ isigaba siyinhlanganisela ye-intermetallic ye-Cr ne-Fe. Izinga lokushisa lokwakheka kwalo lisukela ku-600 kuya ku-1000 ° C. Izinhlobo zensimbi ezihlukene zinamazinga okushisa ahlukene okwenza isigaba sika-δ;

(5) Insimbi engagqwali e-Duplex iqukethe i-ferrite engu-50%, ebuye ibe brittleness ku-475°C, kodwa ayizweli njengensimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic;

2. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokushisela

I-TIG welding iyisinqumo sokuqala se i-duplex steel welding, kulandele i-electrode arc welding. Lapho kusetshenziswa i-arc welding engaphansi kwamanzi, okokufaka ukushisa kanye nezinga lokushisa le-interlayer kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile, futhi amazinga amakhulu okuhlanjululwa kufanele agwenywe.

Phawula:

Uma usebenzisa i-TIG welding, kuhle ukuthi ungeze i-nitrogen engu-1-2% kugesi elivikelayo (uma i-N idlula u-2%, izokwandisa ukuthambekela kwama-pores kanye ne-arc engazinzile), ukuze insimbi ye-weld ibambe i-nitrogen (ukuvimbela indawo engaphezulu ye-weld kusukela ekulahlekeni kwe-nitrogen ehlukanisayo), okulungele ukusimamisa isigaba se-austenite ekuhlanganyeleni okushiselwe.

3. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela

Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokushisela ezinezakhi eziphezulu ze-austenite-forming (Ni, N, njll.) zikhethwa ukukhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-ferrite ukuze i-austenite ku-weld.

Insimbi engu-2205 ngokuvamile isebenzisa induku yokushisela engu-22.8.3L noma ucingo, futhi insimbi engu-2507 ngokuvamile isebenzisa intambo yokushisela engu-25.10.4L noma induku yokushisela engu-25.10.4R.

4. Amaphuzu okushisela

(1) Ukulawulwa kwenqubo yokushisa yokushisela Ukushisela amandla okushisa, izinga lokushisa le-interlayer, ukushisa kwangaphambili, nokuqina kwempahla konke kuzothinta izinga lokupholisa ngesikhathi sokushisela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukwakheka nokusebenza kwendawo yokushisela kanye nendawo ethinteke ukushisa. Ukuze uthole izinto ezingcono kakhulu zensimbi yokushisela, kunconywa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu le-interpass lilawulwe ku-100°C. Lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyadingeka ngemuva kokushisela, izinga lokushisa le-interpass kungenzeka linganqunyelwe.

(2) Ukwelashwa kokushisa kwe-post-weld Kungcono ukuthi ungakwenzi i-heat-trex insimbi engagqwali ngemva kokushisela. Lapho ukwelashwa kokushisa kuyadingeka ngemva kokushisela, indlela yokwelapha ukushisa esetshenziswayo ukucisha amanzi. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, ukushisa kufanele kube ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi isikhathi sokubamba ekushiseni kokushisa ukushisa imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwengama-30, okufanele kube ngokwanele ukubuyisela ibhalansi yesigaba. I-Metal oxidation iyingozi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokushisa, futhi ukuvikelwa kwegesi engenzi lutho kufanele kucatshangelwe.