Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela - ukuhlolwa kokuvala uphawu

Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela kubhekisela ekuhlolweni kwemiphumela yokushisela, ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho, ukwethembeka, ukuphepha, nokusebenziseka kwesakhiwo esishiselwe. Ngaphezu kwezidingo zobuchwepheshe be-welding kanye nezinqubo zokushisela, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ye-welding nakho kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwekhwalithi yesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe.

Ake sikhulume ngendlela yokuhlola ikhwalithi yokushisela: ukuhlolwa kokuvala uphawu.

Ngakho-ke ungahlola kanjani ukuqina kwamajoyinti ashiselwe?

Ngokuvamile, izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukuthola:

1. Ukuhlolwa kokucwiliswa emanzini

Isetshenziselwa iziqukathi ezincane noma amapayipi ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane yangaphakathi. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, qala, gcwalisa isitsha noma ipayipi ngomoya ocindezelwe ngomfutho othile (0.4-0.5MPa), bese uwucwilisa emanzini ukuze uhlole ukuvaleka. Uma kukhona ukuvuza, kufanele kube namabhamuza emanzini. Lena futhi indlela evamile yokubheka ukuthi amashubhu angaphakathi ebhayisikili ayavuza yini.

2. Ukuhlolwa kwamanzi

Sebenzisa umfutho omile okhiqizwa isisindo samanzi ukuze uhlole ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvuza esakhiweni. Ikakhulukazi esekelwe ekuhloleni okubukwayo, ifanele izakhiwo ezishiselwe ezivamile ezingekho ngaphansi kwengcindezi kodwa ezidinga ukubekwa uphawu.

3. Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kwe-Amonia

Inhloso iyafana nokuhlolwa kokuvuza kwepompo yamalahle, futhi ukuzwela kwayo kuphakeme kunokuhlola ukuvuza kukaphalafini. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, qala unamathisele umugqa wephepha omhlophe noma ibhandishi elicwiliswe engxenyeni enkulu engu-5% ye-HgNO3, isixazululo esinamanzi, noma i-phenolphthalein reagent eceleni kwe-weld ukuze uyibone kalula, bese ugcwalisa isitsha nge-ammonia noma wengeze ingxenye engu-1% yevolumu. i-nitrogen ecindezelweyo. Umoya.

Uma kukhona ukuvuza, amabala azovela emgqeni wephepha elimhlophe noma ibhandeshi. Lezo ezicwiliswe ku-5% HgNO3 isixazululo samanzi amachashaza amnyama, futhi lawo acwiliswe ku-phenolphthalein reagent amachashaza abomvu.

4. Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kukaphalafini

Isetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezishiselwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi encane yangaphakathi futhi edinga izinga elithile lokuvalwa. Uphalafini unokungeneka okuqinile futhi ulungele ukuvala ukuhlolwa kokushisela. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, qala ngokuxubha amanzi e-lime ohlangothini olulodwa lwe-weld ukuze ubonwe kalula, bese uxubha uphalafini ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-weld. Uma kuneziphambeko ezingenayo, amabala kaphalafini noma amabhande kaphalafini azovela ongqimbeni lwe-lime. Isikhathi sokubuka siyi-15-30min.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Helium mass spectrometry

Ukuhlolwa kwe-helium mass spectrometer njengamanje kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuhlolwa kokuvala. I-helium mass spectrometer izwela kakhulu futhi ikwazi ukubona i-helium ngengxenye yevolumu engu-10-6. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isitsha sigcwaliswa nge-helium, bese kutholwa ukuvuza ngaphandle kokushisela kwesitsha. Okubi ukuthi i-helium iyabiza futhi umjikelezo wokuhlola mude.

Nakuba i-helium inamandla amakhulu okungena aqine ngokwedlulele, kusathatha isikhathi eside ukungena ezikhaleni ezincane kakhulu (lezo zikhala azikwazi ukutholwa ngezinye izindlela), futhi ukutholakala kokuvuza kwezinye iziqukathi ezinezindonga eziwugqinsi ngokuvamile kuthatha amahora amaningi. Ukushisa okufanelekile kungasheshisa ukutholwa kokuvuza.

6. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kuyindlela yokuhlola evamile yamabhayela, imikhumbi yokucindezela, nezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekile ezishiselwe ezidinga ukucinana komoya. I-medium iwumoya ohlanzekile, futhi ingcindezi yokuhlola ngokuvamile ilingana nengcindezi yokuklama. Ukucindezela kufanele kwandiswe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Ngemuva kokufinyelela ingcindezi yokuklama, sebenzisa amanzi anensipho ngaphandle kwendawo yokushisela noma yokuvala futhi uhlole ukuthi amabhamuza amanzi anensipho. Ngenxa yokuthi kunengozi yokuqhuma ekuhlolweni kokuqina komoya, kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-hydraulic.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kuhlukile ekuhlolweni komfutho womoya:

1. Inhloso yawo ihlukile. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya ukuhlola ukucinana komkhumbi wokucindezela, futhi ukuhlolwa komfutho womoya ukuhlola amandla okumelana nokucindezela omkhumbi wokucindezela. Okwesibili, izingcindezi zokuhlola zihlukile. Ingcindezi yokuhlola ukuqina komoya ingcindezi yokuklama yesiqukathi, futhi ingcindezi yokuhlola ingcindezi yomoya iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.15 kunokucindezela kokuklama.

Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yomoya ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola amandla nokuvalwa kwemishini, futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola ukuqina kwemishini, ikakhulukazi amaphutha amancane angena; ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kugxile kakhulu ekutheni izinto ezisetshenziswayo zinokuvuza okuncane, futhi ukuhlolwa komfutho womoya kugxile emandleni aphelele emishini.

2. Sebenzisa imidiya

Umoya uvame ukusetshenziswa ekusebenzeni kwangempela kokuhlolwa komfutho womoya. Ngokungeziwe emoyeni, ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kusebenzisa i-ammonia, i-halogen, noma i-helium uma okuphakathi kunobuthi obuphezulu futhi kungavumeli ukuvuza noma kulula ukungena.

3. Izesekeli zokuphepha

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yomoya, asikho isidingo sokufaka izesekeli zokuphepha emishinini; ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya ngokuvamile kungenziwa ngemva kokufakwa kwezesekeli zokuphepha (imithetho yekhono).

4. Ukulandelana

Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa komfutho womoya noma ukucindezela kwamanzi.

5. Ingcindezi yokuhlola

Ingcindezi yokuhlola ingcindezi yomoya iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.15 kunokucindezela kokuklama, futhi okokusebenza kokucindezela kwangaphakathi kudinga ukuphindaphindwa nge-coefficient yokunquma izinga lokushisa; lapho i-air tightness test medium ingumoya, ingcindezi yokuhlola ingcindezi yokuklama. Uma kusetshenziswa eminye imidiya, kufanele ilungiswe ngokwemibandela ephakathi.

6. Izikhathi zokusebenzisa

Ukuhlolwa kwe-pneumatic: Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hydraulic kuyakhethwa. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic kungeke kusetshenziswe ngenxa yesakhiwo semishini noma izizathu zokusekela, noma uma umthamo wemishini mkhulu, ukuhlolwa kwe-pneumatic ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya: Okumaphakathi kuyindawo eyingozi kakhulu noma eyingozi kakhulu, noma akukho ukuvuza okuvunyelwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yomoya ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola amandla okuthwala ukucindezela kwemishini. Ukuhlolwa kokuqina komoya kuwukuhlolwa kokuqina, okusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kokuvala okokusebenza.