904L stainless steel

Why is 904L stainless steel called “Rolex steel”?

When it comes to 904L stainless steel, the first thing that comes to mind is Rolex. Because in the industry, Rolex is the only one all-steel model are uses a 904L stainless steel enterprise, today we will come together to explore the following magic!

904L stainless steel

“Rolex Steel” 904L.

In fact, in today’s watch world, the main use of 316L stainless steel and 904L stainless steel for watch case production steel, the biggest difference between the two lies in the material content of chromium, 904L stainless steel chromium content is higher!

The 904L stainless steel contains a certain amount of copper, we all know that chromium can help the surface of the metal material to form a passivation film, thereby protecting the surface of the steel from corrosion of external media

We all know that chromium can help the surface of metal materials to form a passivation film, thereby protecting the surface of steel from external media corrosion, to improve the corrosion resistance of steel, and the addition of copper and other rare elements, not only can significantly improve the abrasion and corrosion resistance of steel but also to facilitate the surface of the high degree of polishing so that it can be used with other precious metals.

The gloss of the metal wants to fit; therefore, the price of 904L stainless steel is also much more expensive.

What is so special about 904L stainless steel?

Rolex first produced this 904L stainless steel case in 1985 and gradually replaced it with the brand’s full range of standard equipment. Let’s talk about the special features of 904L stainless steel.

Currently, 316L stainless steel is commonly used in the watch industry. 316L stainless steel is commonly known as “medical steel”, due to its hypoallergenic properties, not only for the production of watch cases but also used to make personal jewelry and medical scalpels. 904L stainless steel is the most common stainless steel used in the watch industry.

904L stainless steel is based on 316L stainless steel to make some changes, in composition, 904L stainless steel in chromium, nickel, and molybdenum content than 316L stainless steel content of 1.6 times more, while 904L stainless steel

More copper content. Therefore, 904L stainless steel is more wear-resistant, more corrosion-resistant and heavier. But there is not much difference in hardness. Designed for environments with harsh corrosive conditions, the alloy was originally developed for

developed to resist corrosion in dilute sulfuric acid. I don’t think any watch enthusiast would throw their watch in a dilute sulfuric acid bath!

For everyday seawater corrosion, 316L stainless steel is perfectly adequate 904L stainless steel is indeed superior in terms of corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel, but that doesn’t mean 316L stainless steel isn’t superior. The simplest proof

The simplest proof is that, before Rolex also used 316L stainless steel, just later replaced by 904L stainless steel, while other watch brands in the past and now have used 316L stainless steel, after all, the general brand even if you want to use

After all, even if the general brand wants to use 904L stainless steel can not manage the high cost of manufacturing.

uns s38815 chemical composition

S38815 high silica stainless steel performance characteristics

What are the performance characteristics of S38815 high silica stainless steel?

uns s38815 chemical composition

S38815 stainless steel is a special high alloy stainless steel with unique properties and wide applications. In this article, we will introduce the characteristics of S38815 stainless steel and application areas.

First of all, S38815 stainless steel has excellent corrosion resistance. It can resist the corrosion of a variety of media, including acids, alkalis, chloride ions, and so on. This corrosion resistance makes it widely used in the chemical industry, marine engineering, oil extraction, and other fields. Whether in harsh environmental conditions or in high-temperature and high-pressure working environments, S38815 stainless steel can maintain its stable performance.

Secondly, S38815 stainless steel has excellent oxidation resistance. It can resist high-temperature oxidation and maintain a low rate of steel corrosion. This property makes S38815 stainless steel very useful in working environments at high temperatures. It is widely used in heat exchangers, furnaces, burners, and other fields, and can ensure the long-term reliable operation of equipment.

In addition, S38815 stainless steel has good strength and toughness. It is able to withstand high loads and impacts and maintain a low deformation rate. This makes S38815 stainless steel widely used in the manufacturing field. It is commonly used to make a variety of parts and structural assemblies, such as in aerospace, automotive, and machinery, and is able to meet the requirements of complex working environments.

In addition, S38815 stainless steel has wear resistance and heat resistance properties. It is able to maintain good mechanical properties at high temperatures and is less susceptible to heat and wear. This makes S38815 stainless steel widely used in metallurgy, coal mining, and the chemical industry. For example, in coal mining, S38815 stainless steel can withstand high temperatures and abrasive environments to ensure the reliability and life of the equipment.

To summarize, S38815 stainless steel is a unique high-alloy stainless steel with excellent corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, strength, and toughness. It is widely used in the chemical industry, marine engineering, oil extraction, aerospace, metallurgy, coal mining, and chemical industry. With the advancement of technology, the application areas of S38815 stainless steel will continue to expand, bringing more innovation and possibilities to various industries.

Similarities and differences between Hastelloy C276 and C22

Often users call to consult the similarities and differences between Hastelloy C276 (N10276) and C22 (N06022) alloys, the two simple, largely similar, slightly different.

Hastelloy C276 supplier

First of all, we look at the difference between the two materials:

C276 main components: 57NI-16MO-16CR-5FE-4W-2.5CO-1MN-0.35V-0.08SI-0.01C

C22 main components: 56NI-13MO-22CR-3FE-3W-2.5CO-0.5MN-0.35V-0.08SI-0.01C

As can be seen from the above, the main elements do not differ much, especially in NI, FE, CO content, Mo and Cr are slightly different.

C22 is more resistant to localized corrosion than 276 and can be understood as an upgraded version of 276.

In addition, “special steel 100 seconds” also lists the difference between the two welding consumables:

C276 welding consumables are wire ERnicrmo-4 and electrode Enicrmo-4.

C22 welding consumables are wire ERnicrmo-10 and electrode Enicrmo-10.

1, from the ease of procurement: C276 market spot is easier to purchase some of the more complete specifications, while C22 alloy stockists only one or two.

2, from the use of: C22 is better, but generally speaking, both can be used in most working conditions.

3, from the cost of materials: the main components are not very different, according to costing should be about the same. Even if C22 alloy (8.7) density is less than C276 alloy (8.9), should be cheaper than C276 cost, but because C22 can not form a large-scale production and supply, the cost is higher than C276.

Stainless steel round tube supplier

Stainless steel round tube production process and characteristics

Stainless steel round tube is a kind of stainless steel material hollow round pipe, widely studied and applied in building decoration design decoration, the metal processing technology industry. For general use of stainless steel material round tube, the main technical parameters are stainless steel round tube material, stainless steel round tube diameter, stainless steel round tube length, stainless steel tube wall thickness, and so on.

Stainless steel tubes can be divided into round tubes and profiled tubes according to the shape of the section. The shaped tube has a rectangular tube, rhombic tube, oval tube, hexagonal tube, octagonal tube, and various asymmetric tubes with different cross sections. The shaped tube is widely researched and applied to various structural components, tools, and mechanical design parts in enterprises. Compared with the round tube structure, the shaped tube has a greater impact on the moment of inertia and the effective modulus of the cross-section, with the advantages of bending resistance and torsion resistance.

Stainless steel round tube supplier

What are the classifications of stainless steel round tubes?
Stainless steel round tubes according to use can be divided into decorative stainless steel round tubes, industrial stainless steel round tubes, sanitary stainless steel round tube

Stainless steel material round tubes according to the production technology process can be divided into seamless tubes and welded tubes. Seamless steel pipe can be divided into hot-rolled pipe, cold-rolled pipe, cold-drawn pipe, and extruded pipe, etc., cold-drawn, and cold-rolled is the secondary processing of steel pipe; welded pipe is divided into straight seam welded pipe and spiral welded pipe.

Stainless steel material round tubes according to different materials can be divided into 201 stainless steel or round tubes, 304 stainless steel using round tubes, 316L stainless steel round tubes, and so on.

A stainless steel round tube is how to process out?
Stainless steel welded pipe production process: raw materials – slitting – welded tube – heat treatment – straightening – straightening – end repair – pickling – water pressure test – inspection (spray printing) – packaging – shipping

Cold-drawn (rolled) seamless steel pipe: round billet→heating→piercing→heading→annealing→acid washing→oil coating (copper plating)→multiple cold-drawn (cold-rolled)→billet→heat treatment→straightening→hydraulic test (flaw detection)→marking→warehousing.
Hot rolled (extruded seamless steel pipe): round billet → heating → piercing → three-roll inclined rolling, continuous rolling or extrusion → stripping → sizing (or reduction) → cooling → billet pipe → straightening → hydrostatic test (or flaw detection) → marking → storage.

What are the characteristics of stainless steel round pipes?
From the above process design flow, it is not difficult to see: First, the enterprise products for continuous online production, the thicker the wall thickness, the greater the unit and dissolution equipment and investment risk, the lower the economy and practicality. Thinner wall thickness, its input work output ratio will carry out the corresponding ability to decline; Secondly, the product of the process research to determine its advantages and disadvantages, generally using welded steel pipe with high precision, wall thickness uniformity, to stainless steel tube inside surface brightness (steel plate material surface brightness control level development decision) and any one length. Therefore, it shows its economy and aesthetics in carrying out high precision as well as low-pressure working fluid applications.

From the above processing can be clearly seen in a process: first, the wall thickness of the product, the more economical development of practical, thinner wall thickness, processing business costs will increase substantially; second, the product process research determines its limitations, general low precision seamless steel tube: uneven thickness distribution, bright tube long low-cost high appearance, and the internal and external pitting of the surface and the black spot is not easy to remove; Plastic As the third inspection, must have offline data processing. Therefore, high pressure, high strength, mechanical structure, and so on show superiority.

Stainless steel round tubes have their own different uses
Stainless steel tube is a practical and economical steel and is an important influence on the steel industry products. Widely used in social life for decoration and industry, many Chinese in the market enterprise production of stair handrails, windows, railings, furniture, and so on. Common 201 and 304 are two different materials. Stainless steel pipe is a kind of hollow cylindrical bar with many enterprises used to carry out decoration or piping systems to transport working fluids, such as stainless steel in buildings as well as handrails and pipelines conveying oil, gas, water, air, steam, is the application of stainless steel as a decorative pipe. In addition, under the same bending and plasticity conditions, light weight is one of its advantages, so it is widely used in the manufacture of mechanical parts and engineering structures.

Stainless steel solid round rod suppliers

What are the methods to prevent stainless steel solid round bar from rusting?

From the name of the product, stainless steel does not seem to rust, in fact, it does not, we need to understand the specific methods to avoid rusting stainless steel products, in fact, this is a great relationship with the nickel element in the stainless steel solid round bar, the following look to avoid rusting stainless steel a few key points, just for your reference.

Stainless steel solid round rod suppliers

1. in polluted air (such as the atmosphere containing large amounts of sulfide, carbon oxide, and nitrogen oxide), condensation, the formation of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid liquid point, causes chemical corrosion.

2. Stainless steel screw surface adhering to organic sap (such as melon and vegetables, noodle soup, phlegm, etc.), in the case of water and oxygen, constitute organic acid, long time is organic acid corrosion of the metal surface.

3. Dust or foreign metal particles of adhesion, in the humid air, adhesion and stainless steel screws condensation, will be connected to a micro-battery, triggered by an electrochemical reaction, the protective film is damaged, known as electrochemical corrosion.

4. Stainless steel bar surface adhesion containing acid, alkali, and salts (such as decoration wall of alkaline water, lime splash), causing localized corrosion.

LinKun alloy is for the global metal processing industry to provide quality and affordable metal materials. Stock supply, factory direct sales, always respond, we focus on every detail, just to meet your differentiated needs, products are exported to Southeast Asia and Europe the United States, and other developed countries in more than 20 countries and regions, the quality of trust!

hastelloy composition

What is the difference between Hastelloy and Stainless Steel?

Hastelloy is a nickel-based alloy, which is a difficult material to machine. The lkalloy company suggests the use of integral tools to enhance the rigidity of the tools. If the tool is made of carbide, it is inefficient. Efficiency can be improved if tempered tools with better toughness are used. For finishing, nickel or cobalt-based high-temperature alloys can be used with CBN tools. The alloys are widely used in the chemical and petrochemical industries, e.g. for chlorine-containing organic components and catalytic systems. The material is particularly suitable for high-temperature inert inorganic and organic acids (e.g. formic and acetic acid) mixed with impurities in seawater corrosive environments.

What is the difference between Hastelloy and stainless steel?

In fact, there is a clear difference between the two, Hastelloy, nickel-based alloys are usually understood as nickel-based alloys, that is, nickel has a high percentage, usually greater than 50.%, such as Monel, Hastelloy B, C series, etc., and the stainless steel is basically “steel”, so the proportion of iron is higher. For example, 304L is a stainless steel that contains more than 70% iron, although 9% nickel.

Nickel-based alloys are alloys that have high strength and a certain degree of oxidation and corrosion resistance at 650-1000°C. They are categorized into nickel-based alloys according to their main properties. According to the main properties, it is divided into nickel-based heat-resistant alloys, nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloys, nickel-based wear-resistant alloys, nickel-based precision alloys, and nickel-based shape memory alloys. Based on the matrix, superalloys are categorized into iron-based superalloys, nickel-based superalloys, and cobalt-based superalloys. Among them, nickel-based superalloys are called nickel-based alloys.

The above is the introduction of the difference between hastelloy and stainless steel, I hope it will help you. If you want to know more about Hastelloy, high-temperature alloys, stainless steel, and other materials information, welcome to continue to close lkalloy website.

aluminum alloys heat treatment

How can we effectively prevent aluminum and aluminum alloys from producing weld heat cracks?

How to prevent aluminum and aluminum alloy welding hot cracks?

1. the selection of hot cracking tendency of small mother material, strict control of impurity content
Various aluminum alloy welding hot cracking tendency is different. One of the smaller hot cracking tendencies is industrial pure aluminum and antirust aluminum. However, in the Al-Mg alloy in rustproof aluminum when the mass fraction of Mg is 2%~3%, the tendency of hot cracking is also relatively large. Heat-treated reinforced aluminum alloys generally have a greater tendency to thermal cracking. Therefore, as a welded structure with more rust-proof aluminum, 2A16 (LY16) and Al-Zn-Mg alloy; followed by 6A02 (LD2), 2A14 (LD10), 2A11 (LY11) alloy; 2A12 (LY12), 7A04 (LC4) alloy is mainly used for resistance welding structure.

aluminum alloys heat treatment

2. the correct choice of filler metal
When the base material is determined, the correct choice of filler material is the key to preventing thermal cracking.
Generally speaking, filler metals can play a role in preventing thermal cracking from the following aspects:
① Increasing the number of low melting point eutectic, cracks plays a “self-healing” role.
For example, some hot cracking tendency of hard aluminum alloys, weld composition in the original alloy system is difficult to adjust the effect, but if ωsi5% of the Al-Si wire (SAlSi5) welding, as a result of the formation of more low-melting point eutectic, can be “self-healing”, and thus have a higher resistance to thermal cracking.
②Denaturation of the weld.
Aluminum alloy wire almost all Ti, Zr, V, B, and other trace elements, are generally added as a densification agent. These elements can form fine particles of refractory intermetallic compounds with Al and play the role of non-spontaneous crystallization core, thus refining the grain, evacuating the low melting point eutectic, and improving the weld’s resistance to thermal cracking.
③ Reduce the effective crystallization temperature interval.
For example, for welding Al-Cu-Mg system hard aluminum and the development of B61 wire to join the Ni, Mn and Ti elements, Ni and Al, Cu can be packaged crystal reaction, the formation of complex intermetallic compounds (CuAlNi), can improve the solid-phase line temperature, so that the effective crystallization temperature range is reduced, coupled with the Mn and Ti can refine the grains, and thus improve the weld’s resistance to thermal cracking.

3. the correct choice of welding methods and welding parameters
The use of heat concentration of the welding method can realize fast welding and can prevent the formation of the strong direction of the coarse columnar crystals, so you can reduce the tendency to thermal cracking, such as TIG or MIG welding tendency to warm up much smaller than gas welding.
In the choice of welding parameters, it is appropriate to choose a smaller welding current and slower welding speed. Because the current is too large not only to make the molten pool overheating, and columnar crystals coarse, and will increase the fusion ratio, so that the hot cracking tendency of the base material is too much into the weld, and thus the hot cracking tendency to increase; Welding speed is too fast, it can improve the weld in the process of crystallization of the strain rate, but also make the hot cracking tendency to increase.

Titanium alloy material

Precision machining of titanium alloy materials

As we all know, in the aerospace industry the precision machining for the material requirements is very high, of course, one side is in order to meet the special characteristics of aviation equipment, and more importantly, because of the aerospace environment impact. Because of the special environmental impact, the general materials on the market of course can not meet the needs of the environment, and are bound to need some special materials to replace them. Today to introduce you to a more commonly used material, that is, titanium alloy materials, especially in aerospace, which is more common, why is this material used more? Why is this material used more? It has something to do with its characteristics.

Titanium alloy, its specific gravity is small, determines the quality of small, high strength and thermal strength, determines the hardness and high-temperature resistance, and resistance to seawater and acid and alkali corrosion and a series of excellent physical and mechanical properties, determines that no matter what kind of environment can be used, there is also a point, the coefficient of deformation is very small, and therefore in the aerospace, aviation, shipbuilding, petroleum, chemical industry and other industries have been widely used.

Because titanium alloy materials have the above and ordinary materials are not the same place, but also decided that it is in precision machining is very difficult, many machining factories are not willing to process this material and do not know how to process this material. To this end, Xi’an Ruihua pump industry after a long period of understanding and communication with some titanium alloy processing customers, organized some small skills to share with you!

Titanium alloy material

Due to the titanium alloy deformation coefficient being small, the cutting temperature is high, the tip of the tool stress is large, machining hardening is serious, resulting in cutting processing, the tool is easy to wear, chipping, cutting processing quality is difficult to ensure. How to do cutting processing then?

In titanium alloy cutting, cutting force is not big, work hardening is not serious, easy to get a better surface finish, but titanium alloy thermal conductivity is small, cutting temperature is high, tool wear is bigger, tool durability is low, the tool should be used with titanium chemical affinity role is small, high thermal conductivity, high strength, grain size of small tungsten and cobalt class carbide tools, such as YG8, YG3 and other tools. In titanium alloy in the turning process, chip breakage is a difficult problem in processing, especially the processing of pure titanium, In order to achieve the purpose of chip breakage, the cutting part can be sharpened into a full arc of the roll chip groove, shallow before and after the depth, before and after the narrow wide, so that the chips are easy to discharge outward, so as not to let the chips entangled in the surface of the workpiece, resulting in scratches on the surface of the workpiece.

The titanium alloy cutting deformation coefficient is small, the knife and chip contact area is small, cutting temperature is high, In order to reduce the generation of cutting heat, ① the front angle of the turning tool should not be too large, the front angle of the carbide turning tool is generally taken as 5-8 degrees, due to the high hardness of titanium alloy, in order to increase the impact strength of the turning tool, the back angle of the turning tool should not be too large, generally taken as 5 °, in order to strengthen the tip of the tip of the tool part of the strength of the tool, to improve the heat dissipation conditions, and to improve the tool’s In order to strengthen the strength of the tip part, improve the heat dissipation conditions, and improve the tool’s impact resistance, a larger absolute value of the negative edge inclination angle is used.

Control of reasonable cutting speed, should not be too fast, and the use of titanium alloy special cutting fluid cooling in the process, can effectively improve the tool durability, and choose reasonable feed.

Drilling is also more commonly used, titanium alloy drilling is more difficult, often in the process of burning and broken drill phenomenon. The main reasons are poor drill sharpening, untimely chip removal, poor cooling, and poor rigidity of the processing system. Depending on the diameter of the drill bit, grind a narrow horizontal edge with a width of 0.5㎜ in order to reduce the axial force and the vibration caused by resistance. At the same time, at a distance of 5-8㎜ from the tip of the drill bit, the edge band of the drill bit should be ground narrowly, leaving 0.5㎜ or so, which is favorable for the drill bit in chip removal. The geometry must be sharpened correctly, and the two cutting edges must be kept symmetrical, so as to prevent the drill bit from cutting on one side only, and the cutting force is all concentrated on one side, which will cause the drill bit to wear out prematurely, and even cause chipping phenomenon due to slipping. Always keep the cutting edge sharp. When the cutting edge becomes blunt, stop drilling immediately and resharpen the bit. If you continue to cut forcibly with a dull bit, the bit will soon burn and anneal due to high friction temperatures, resulting in the scrapping of the bit. At the same time, the hardened layer of the workpiece will be thickened, which will increase the difficulty of re-drilling in the future and the number of times to repair and sharpen the drill bit. According to the drilling depth requirements, should try to shorten the length of the drill bit, increase the thickness of the drill core to increase the rigidity, to prevent the drilling of holes due to jitter caused by the collapse of the edge. It has been proved by practice that the length of φ15 drill bit is 150 longer than that of 195. So the selection of length is also very important.

After the above two commonly used processing to see, titanium alloy processing is also relatively difficult, but after very good processing can still be processed out of good precision parts, titanium alloy parts for aerospace equipment.

quenching layer thickness

Measurement of hardened layer thickness of steel bar quenching

After quenching the workpiece, the hardened surface layer of the organization is denser than the internal, high-frequency ultrasound through the surface coupling agent into the surface of the workpiece grain smaller martensitic organization, its energy attenuation is small; when the ultrasonic wave encounters a relatively coarse grain ferrite and pearlite, due to the difference in acoustic impedance, ultrasonic waves will be formed by the reflection of the return wave. By calculating the propagation speed and propagation time of ultrasound in this material, the distance of the echo can be obtained, and the thickness of the hardened layer can be calculated. Determination of the depth of the hardened layer on the thin surface of the steel bar parts of the detection methods is mainly microstructure measurement method, microhardness measurement method, etc… In this case, the conventional ultrasonic technology will be used, using a 20MHz high-frequency single-crystal probe for ultrasonic testing, convenient and quick.

Measurement of hardened layer thickness of steel bar quenching

The workpiece to be inspected

The workpiece to be inspected is three steel rods, the surface of the rods is a martensitic organization, and the parent material is mainly a relatively large grain ferrite and pearlite organization, as shown in Figure 1 below. the digital vernier calipers roughly measure the quenching layer of the three end faces, and the values are 4.5mm, 4.55mm, and 4.66mm respectively.

Inspection results

This testing program cleverly uses the end face echo for quenching layer thickness measurement, using a 20M high-frequency probe, and transverse wave oblique incidence detection. From the equipment side, the first higher clutter buried depth of 4.72mm can be read when detecting the No.1 end face; the first higher clutter buried depth of 4.66mm on the No.2 end face; and the first higher clutter buried depth of 4.65mm on the No.3 end face.

Test results

Conclusion

From the test results, it can be known that the highest wave of stray waves can be clearly seen by using a high-frequency transverse wave oblique probe. Therefore, it is feasible to use a high-frequency single-crystal probe to detect and calculate the thickness of a quench-hardening layer of certain metal steel parts.

stainless steel manufacturers

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